E-cigarettes and perturbations in the subgingival ecosystem

尽管电子尼古丁十年前就已经问世，但人们对它的影响知之甚少。 电子烟（e-cigarettes）或电子烟（e-cigars）对人体健康的影响。使用ENDS的人数正在迅速增加， 青少年和年轻人，这部分是由于认为电子烟比香烟更安全， 其他尼古丁替代疗法然而，这些产品在尼古丁含量、丙烯含量、 乙二醇、甘油、添加剂和调味剂;所有这些都缺乏研究。因此，迫切需要 生物学研究，将提高我们对ENDS如何影响人类健康的理解。初始 口腔是ENDS的接触点，人类首先受影响的系统是口腔。众所周知，尼古丁 影响口腔健康，作为细胞毒性剂以及增加某些细菌的毒力。口腔健康 依赖于微生物生态系统和宿主免疫力之间的复杂平衡。基于我们 初步研究表明，ENDS改变了口腔粘膜的组成结构和功能潜力， 生态系统，我们假设电子烟将影响这种微生物-粘膜稳态。我们打算测试一下 通过将新的临床研究设计与综合“组学”方法和计算方法相结合， 生物信息学这种方法将弥合纯临床结果为基础的研究之间的差距，在体外 研究和使用动物模型的体内研究。第一，不同的生物效应 ENDS制剂在口腔宿主-微生物相互作用组的体外模型上的作用将通过双重检测来检查。 转录组-元转录组测序。其次，我们将观察ENDS对宿主细菌的影响， 通过将多组纵向临床研究与网络分析算法相结合，研究了随时间推移的相互作用。 拟议的研究将使我们更接近于了解ENDS在破坏口腔生态中的作用， 稳态，提供生物学验证的时间表，用于评估与ENDS使用相关的风险，以及 制定暴露的指标或预测指标。

Despite having been introduced ten years ago, little is known of the impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes or e-cigs) on human health. ENDS usage is rapidly rising among adolescents and young adults and this is partially due to a perception that e-cigs are safer than cigarettes and other nicotine replacement therapies. However, these products vary widely in nicotine content, propylene glycol, glycerol, additives and flavorings; all of which are poorly studied. Therefore, there is an urgent need for biological investigations that will improve our understanding of how ENDS impact human health. The initial point of contact of ENDS, and the first-affected system in humans is the oral cavity. It is known that nicotine impacts oral health, acting as a cytotoxic agent as well as increasing virulence of certain bacteria. Oral health is dependent upon an intricate balance between the microbial ecosystem and host immunity. Based on our preliminary studies that ENDS alter the compositional structure and the functional potential of the oral ecosystem, we hypothesize that e-cigs will impact this microbial-mucosal homeostasis. We propose to test this hypothesis by combining novel clinical study designs with integrated `-omics' approaches and computational bioinformatics. This approach will bridge the gap between purely clinical outcome-based studies, in vitro investigations and in vivo investigations using animal models. First, the biological effects of different formulations of ENDS on an in vitro model of the oral host-microbial interactome will be examined through dual transcriptome-metatranscriptome sequencing. Second, we will observe the effects of ENDS on host-bacterial interactions over time by combining a multi-arm, longitudinal clinical study with a network analysis algorithm. The proposed studies will bring us closer to understanding the role of ENDS in disrupting oral ecological homeostasis, provide biologically-validated timelines for assessing risk associated with ENDS use, and develop indicators or predictors of exposure.