E-cigarettes and perturbations in the subgingival ecosystem

尽管电子尼古丁在十年前就被引入，但人们对电子尼古丁的影响知之甚少 给药系统(末端或电子烟或电子烟)对人类健康的影响。终端的使用率正在迅速上升 青少年和年轻人，部分原因是人们认为电子烟比香烟和 其他尼古丁替代疗法。然而，这些产品的尼古丁含量、丙烯含量差异很大。 乙二醇、甘油、添加剂和调味品；所有这些都很少被研究。因此，迫切需要 生物研究将提高我们对END如何影响人类健康的理解。首字母 两端的接触点，人类第一个受影响的系统是口腔。众所周知，尼古丁 影响口腔健康，作为一种细胞毒剂，并增加某些细菌的毒力。口腔健康 依赖于微生物生态系统和宿主免疫之间的复杂平衡。基于我们的 END改变口腔成分结构和功能潜能的初步研究 生态系统，我们假设电子烟将影响这种微生物-粘膜动态平衡。我们建议对此进行测试 通过将新的临床研究设计与集成的“组学”方法和计算方法相结合的假设 生物信息学。这种方法将弥补单纯基于临床结果的体外研究之间的差距。 使用动物模型进行调查和活体调查。第一，不同的生物效应 口腔宿主-微生物相互作用组体外模型上的末端配方将通过DUAL进行检查 转录组-转录组测序。其次，我们将观察末端对宿主细菌的影响 通过将多臂纵向临床研究与网络分析算法相结合，实现随时间的交互作用。 拟议的研究将使我们更接近了解END在破坏口腔生态中的作用 动态平衡，为评估与终端使用相关的风险提供生物验证的时间表，以及 制定暴露的指标或预测指标。

Despite having been introduced ten years ago, little is known of the impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes or e-cigs) on human health. ENDS usage is rapidly rising among adolescents and young adults and this is partially due to a perception that e-cigs are safer than cigarettes and other nicotine replacement therapies. However, these products vary widely in nicotine content, propylene glycol, glycerol, additives and flavorings; all of which are poorly studied. Therefore, there is an urgent need for biological investigations that will improve our understanding of how ENDS impact human health. The initial point of contact of ENDS, and the first-affected system in humans is the oral cavity. It is known that nicotine impacts oral health, acting as a cytotoxic agent as well as increasing virulence of certain bacteria. Oral health is dependent upon an intricate balance between the microbial ecosystem and host immunity. Based on our preliminary studies that ENDS alter the compositional structure and the functional potential of the oral ecosystem, we hypothesize that e-cigs will impact this microbial-mucosal homeostasis. We propose to test this hypothesis by combining novel clinical study designs with integrated `-omics' approaches and computational bioinformatics. This approach will bridge the gap between purely clinical outcome-based studies, in vitro investigations and in vivo investigations using animal models. First, the biological effects of different formulations of ENDS on an in vitro model of the oral host-microbial interactome will be examined through dual transcriptome-metatranscriptome sequencing. Second, we will observe the effects of ENDS on host-bacterial interactions over time by combining a multi-arm, longitudinal clinical study with a network analysis algorithm. The proposed studies will bring us closer to understanding the role of ENDS in disrupting oral ecological homeostasis, provide biologically-validated timelines for assessing risk associated with ENDS use, and develop indicators or predictors of exposure.