Functional organization of primate auditory cortex: a comparison between monkey and human

项目总结 听觉皮质在功能上是如何组织的，该组织如何支持对 与行为相关的信号，如同种发声或说话？非人灵长类动物模型 听觉皮质可以帮助我们回答这些问题，但我们对它们对应关系的理解 人类是不完整的。包括人类在内的灵长类物种的广泛解剖学发现表明，有三种 听觉皮质的分级加工阶段：核心区、带区和旁区。在感官系统中， 人们认为，感觉刺激的表征变得不那么普遍，而更多地与行为 当你在感官层次上攀升时，有机体的相关性。例如，更高级的视觉皮质 包含选择性地对面部刺激做出反应的神经元，而初级视觉皮质对 所有类别的刺激都有低水平特征。顺理成章的是，人类的选择性表现 语言存在于更高级的人类听觉皮质中，有证据支持这一点。然而， 我们对人类听觉皮质的功能组织知之甚少，也不知道基本的感觉 沿着这种选择性表征产生的听觉皮质层级的转换。 非人灵长类动物模型对于解决这些悬而未决的问题特别有吸引力，因为它是 进化上与人类接近，侵入性技术可以很容易地应用于了解神经功能。 然而，除了核心领域之外，我们还没有广泛地研究非人类灵长类听觉皮质。在……里面 特别是，帕拉贝尔油田很少被探测到。 这项拟议的研究的目的是广泛绘制非人类灵长类听觉皮质的图谱，从 从岩心到皮带再到帕贝勒，用介观和显微记录方法，然后比较猴子 以及使用相同方法和刺激的人类核心-腰带-Parabelt组织。通过这样做，我们相信我们将 为理解产生复杂听觉感知的感觉过程提供了一大步 并支持语音交流。此外，我们希望发现听觉皮质的那些方面 要么是特定物种独有的，要么是跨物种保存的。这项拟议工作的发现带有 可能不仅会让我们对感觉加工有基本的了解，而且可能会提供关键 了解具有强烈听觉成分的沟通障碍的病因学基础。

Project summary How is auditory cortex functionally organized, and how does this organization support the perception of behaviorally relevant signals like conspecific vocalizations or speech? Non-human primate models of the auditory cortex can help us to answer these questions, yet our understanding of their correspondence to humans is incomplete. Extensive anatomical findings across primate species, including humans, point to three hierarchical processing stages in auditory cortex: the core, the belt and the parabelt. Across sensory systems, it is believed that the representations of sensory stimuli become less general and more tied to the behavioral relevance of the organism as you ascend the sensory hierarchy. For instance, higher order visual cortex contains neurons that selectively respond to face stimuli, whereas primary visual cortex is more selective for low level features across all categories of stimuli. It stands to reason that selective representations of human speech would be found in higher order human auditory cortex, and there is evidence to support this. However, we know very little about the functional organization of human auditory cortex, nor the basic sensory transformations along the auditory cortical hierarchy from which such selective representations would arise. The non-human primate model is particularly attractive for tackling these outstanding issues, since it is evolutionarily close to humans and invasive techniques can readily be applied to understand neural function. However, we have yet to extensively investigate non-human primate auditory cortex beyond the core fields. In particular, parabelt fields are very rarely probed. The purpose of the proposed research is to extensively map non-human primate auditory cortex, from core to belt to parabelt, using both mesoscopic and microscopic recording methods, then to compare monkey and human core-belt-parabelt organization using identical methods and stimuli. In doing so, we believe we will provide a large step toward understanding the sensory processes that give rise to complex auditory perception and support vocal communication. Moreover, we hope to uncover those aspects of auditory cortex that are either unique to a given species, or conserved across species. The findings from the proposed work carry the potential to not only inform our basic understanding of sensory processing, but may also provide key foundations to understanding the etiology of communication disorders with strong auditory components.