A multimodal study of delay activity contributions to short and long term memory

项目摘要/摘要 延迟活动是在相关刺激的编码和编码之间的几秒钟内发生的神经活动 记忆恢复。延迟活动是工作记忆的一个关键组成部分，工作记忆是一种认知过程，允许我们 在网上掌握信息，并对其进行处理，以实现当前和未来的目标。虽然延误活动一直是 在动物和人类中广泛研究，使用各种神经科学记录方法和不同的 在数据分析层面上，在理解延迟活动的机制方面仍然存在一些差距 对短期和长期记忆都有贡献。最近的研究对长期以来的理论提出了质疑 框架，增加和持续的延迟活动是记忆维护的基础。来自这些的发现 研究表明，延迟活动通常是短暂的或突发性的，而无人注意的刺激甚至可能是 保持活动状态--静默隐藏状态。这些新的发现激励了这里概述的实验 了解可观察到的延迟活动如何有助于记忆的形成。这项建议将结合高 时间分辨率脑电和高空间分辨率功能磁共振成像方法在人体测试中的应用 参与者最主要的假设是延迟活动的早期和晚期成分有助于记忆 队形。第一个目标是研究改变延迟间隔的持续时间和内容对延迟周期的影响 利用脑电和功能磁共振技术进行活动和记忆 成像(FMRI)。假设在脑电延迟时间段之间存在时间对应 同步性和BOLD-fMRI波幅，两者与后续记忆呈正相关。这个 第二个目的是研究延迟期脑电同步/去同步化和海马区-皮层fMRI连接对记忆的影响。假设是早期同步和后期去同步 延迟期反映了记忆之前的海马区-皮质结合和皮质-皮质再激活 取回。第三个目标是研究脑电延迟活动和随后的睡眠纺锤波对记忆的影响。 这个假设是，在学习后睡眠期间，更多的延迟活动将引发长期的记忆巩固过程。这三个目标的共同完成将有助于对 延迟活动在记忆中的作用。这一结果将为为什么某些精神健康问题提供有价值的见解 神经紊乱，包括异常的延迟活动，会导致短时间和短时间的复杂模式 长期记忆损伤。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Delay activity is neural activity that occurs within a few seconds between the encoding of relevant stimuli and memory retrieval. Delay activity is a key component of working memory, a cognitive process that allows us to hold information online and manipulate it to realize immediate and future goals. While delay activity has been extensively studied in animals and humans using a variety of neuroscientific recording methods and different levels of data analysis, there remain several gaps in understanding the mechanisms by which delay activity contributes to both short- and long-term memory. Recent studies question the long-standing theoretical framework that elevated and sustained delay activity is the basis for memory maintenance. Findings from these studies suggest that delay activity is often transient or burst-like, and that unattended stimuli may even be maintained in activity-silent hidden states. These new findings motivate the experiments outlined here to understand how observable delay activity contributes to memory formation. This proposal will combine high temporal resolution electroencephalographic and high spatial resolution functional MRI methods to test in human participants the overarching hypothesis that early and late components of delay activity contribute to memory formation. The first aim will study the effects of varying the delay interval duration and content on delay period activity and memory using the techniques of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The hypothesis is there will be a temporal correspondence between EEG delay period synchronization and BOLD-fMRI amplitude, with a positive relationship of both to subsequent memory. The second aim will study the effects of delay period EEG synchronization/desynchronization and hippocampal-cortical fMRI connectivity on memory. The hypothesis is that early synchronization and later desynchronization in delay periods reflects hippocampal-cortical binding and cortico-cortical reactivation preceding memory retrieval. The third aim will study the effects of EEG delay activity and subsequent sleep spindles on memory. The hypothesis is that more delay activity will elicit long-term memory consolidation processes during a post-learning sleep period. Together the completion of these three aims will contribute to a basic understanding of the role of delay activity in memory. The outcomes will provide valuable insight into why certain mental health and neurological disorders, which include aberrant delay activity, lead to complex patterns of both short- and long-term memory impairments.