Neuronal circuits supporting learning-driven changes in auditory perception.

支持听觉感知中学习驱动变化的神经元回路。

Neuronal circuits supporting learning-driven changes in auditory perception. Everyday auditory behavior depends critically on learning-driven changes in auditory perception that rely on neuronal plasticity within the auditory pathway. Discriminative auditory fear conditioning (DAFC), an important form of associative auditory learning, affects the fundamental auditory task of frequency discrimination acuity. While the auditory cortex (AC) is thought to be required for this modulation, how learning shapes frequency discrimination remains unknown. Previous work has largely suggested that the feedforward connections leading up to the AC are the site of this learning-induced plasticity. However, recent research suggests that frequency tuning within the AC itself is shaped by inhibitory-excitatory networks that include multiple morphologically and likely functionally distinct inhibitory interneuron types. Furthermore, the extensive feedback the AC sends to sub-cortical structures, including the inferior colliculus (IC) in the auditory midbrain, may also affect behavioral frequency discrimination. Thus, to dissect the functions of intra-cortical and sub-cortical circuits in auditory learning, we will determine (1) if DAFC affects tone response properties of different neuronal cell types in AC, and how these changes affect frequency discriminability at the neuronal population level in AC; (2) if feedback from AC to the auditory midbrain causally drives learning-mediated changes in auditory behavior. By combining state-of-the-art optogenetic, electrophysiological, behavioral and computational approaches, we are uniquely able to test function of specific circuit elements in awake behaving subjects. The proposed research will, for the first time, identify (1) the effect of auditory learning on specific inhibitory and excitatory neuronal cell types in AC; (2) the role of excitatory-inhibitory circuits in driving changes in frequency discrimination behavior; and (3) the role of cortico-collicular feedback in driving learning-driven changes in auditory frequency discrimination acuity. These important insights into the function of feedback circuits in auditory processing will inform future design of hearing aids and cochlear implants by configuring their outputs for optimal stimulation of these circuits.