The impact of Alzheimer's disease susceptibility alleles on microglia transcriptome

阿尔茨海默病易感等位基因对小胶质细胞转录组的影响

• 批准号: 9896409
• 负责人: Towfique Raj
• 金额: $ 46.61万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9896409
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease brain; Alzheimer' s disease model; Alzheimer' s disease pathology; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Amyloid beta-Protein; Animal Model; Apoptotic; Biological Models; Brain; Catalogs; Cell physiology; Cells; Central Nervous System Diseases; Coculture Techniques; Communities; Data; Data Set; Dementia; Development; Disease; Foundations; Future; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Diseases; Genetic Risk; Genetic Transcription; Genetic study; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Human; Immune; Immune system; Impaired cognition; Individual; Inflammatory; Inflammatory Response; Innate Immune System; Interferons; Knowledge; Lead; Lipoproteins; Maps; Microglia; Modeling; Molecular; Mouse Cell Line; Myelin; Myelogenous; Myeloid Cells; Nerve Degeneration; Network-based; Neuraxis; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Organoids; Pathogenesis; Pathway Analysis; Pathway interactions; Peripheral; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; Play; Process; Quantitative Trait Loci; RNA Splicing; Regulator Genes; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; SPI1 gene; Sampling; Signal Pathway; Spliced Genes; Stimulus; Susceptibility Gene; TREM2 gene; Variant; Work; age related; age related neurodegeneration; aged; aging brain; base; brain cell; brain tissue; cohort; disorder risk; genetic variant; genomic locus; induced pluripotent stem cell; insight; monocyte; mouse model; nervous system development; normal aging; novel; pathogen; protein expression; protein function; rare variant; response; risk variant; transcriptome; transcriptomics

PROJECT SUMMARY Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and dementia. Although the mechanisms underlying AD are still largely unknown, it is clear that aging of the brain is a key risk factor for this disease. Several lines of evidence indicate that microglia, the myeloid immune cells of the brain, play a crucial role in the processes involved in normal aging of the central nervous system and development of AD. Recent genetic studies have identified over twenty novel AD risk loci, and network analysis have shown that a major part of these loci play a role in the myeloid immune system. In addition, gene expression changes have been found in microglia of aged individuals, subjects with AD and in microglia in mice models for AD. How these microglia changes contribute to AD is not yet clear. Answering this question is an important step towards understanding the mechanisms involved in AD. In addition, this could lead to unravelling novel targets for treatment of AD and related neurodegenerative disorders. The long-term goal of this project is to deepen our insight into the role of microglia cells in AD and to identify microglia-related targets for treatment of age-related disorders of the central nervous system. An important first step towards reaching this goal is to understand what the changes that have been found microglia in AD tell us in terms of changes in gene and protein expression and functions. The overall objective of this study is therefore to identify the AD-associated common genetic variants that alters microglia gene expression at baseline and in response to inflammatory stimuli. By combining the unique expertise of the two PIs in the isolation and culture of human microglia, as well as advanced computational genomics analysis of human myeloid immune cells. In Aim 1, we will use 264 existing microglia samples that we have previously isolated of different regions of 103 brain donors to generate genotype and transcriptome profiles. By combining these data with existing microglia transcriptomic datasets, we will be able to generate a map of how AD-associated genetic loci influence gene expression (or expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL) and splicing (sQTL). In aim 2, we will use interferon (IFN) stimulated microglial samples that we have previously collected to characterize how AD-associated risk variants alter IFN-stimulated transcriptome changes. These profiles will be validated in new microglia transcriptomes from an independent cohort of 15 donors to determine the response of these samples to interferon and Aβ and sort subsets with different phagocytic capacity. The transcriptome profiles and expression and splicing QTL that will be generated in these two aims will be made publically available and we will apply these profiles to very large available gene datasets on aged and AD brain tissue and peripheral monocytes to investigate how gene expression changes relate to changes in microglia function. Together, we expect that this study will provide key information bridging AD genetics to molecular mechanisms in microglia, setting the stage for future mechanistic studies in model systems.

项目总结