Project 4: The Placenta-specific Glucose Transporter Modulation: obesity, metabol

项目 4：胎盘特异性葡萄糖转运蛋白调节：肥胖、代谢

• 批准号: 9520234
• 负责人: Johann Urschitz
• 金额: $ 24.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2020-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9520234
• 关键词: 20 year old; Address; Adult; Affect; American; Amino Acids; Attenuated; Biogenesis; Birth; Blood Circulation; Body Composition; Body mass index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carrier Proteins; Cells; Centers of Research Excellence; Choriocarcinoma; DNA Polymerase II; DNA Transposable Elements; Developed Countries; Development; Discipline of obstetrics; Disease; Early Intervention; Epidemic; Epigenetic Process; Fetal Development; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Growth; Fetal Macrosomia; Fetus; Gene Targeting; Gene Transfer; General Population; Genes; Genetic; Genome; Glucose; Glucose Transporter; Goals; Health; High Fat Diet; Human; Immune response; Immunohistochemistry; Infant; Institutes; Insulin; Intervention; Lead; Life; Link; Liver; Longevity; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolism; Methodology; Methods; Microbubbles; Minority; Modification; Mus; Mutation; Native Hawaiian; Neonatal; Nutrient; Obesity; Obesity associated disease; Organ; Overweight; Pacific Island Americans; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Placenta; Plasma; Plasmids; Population; Predisposition; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Family; Protein Isoforms; Public Health; RNA; Reporter Genes; Reporting; Research; Role; SLC2A1 gene; Site; Syndrome; System; Testing; Tissues; Toxic effect; Transfection; Transgenes; Ultrasonography; United States; Virus; Weight; Western Blotting; Woman; adult obesity; base; fetal; fetal programming; gene therapy; glucose transport; high risk; improved; in utero; in vivo; insight; knock-down; maternal obesity; member; minimally invasive; minority health; mouse model; neonatal outcome; novel strategies; obese mothers; offspring; pregnant; promoter; protein expression; trophoblast

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT - Project 4 The increase in obesity, particularly in industrialized countries has taken on epidemic proportions. In the US two-thirds of adults (20 years of age and older) are overweight or obese, with a body mass index or BMI above 25kg/m2. This epidemic extends to the pregnant population where more than half of all American women enter pregnancy with an increased BMI and as a consequence obesity is one of the most common high-risk obstetric syndromes. Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with disturbances in fetal growth leading to poor neonatal outcomes and a predisposition for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders later in life. The placenta serves as an interface between the fetal and maternal circulation and one of its key functions is to supply nutrients to the fetus. As the quantity of nutrients available to the fetus is a significant determinant of fetal growth, the placenta has been implicated in fetal overgrowth. The mechanisms linking in utero nutrient excess, fetal overgrowth and disease development later in life are poorly understood and are thought to include alterations in placental nutrient transport, genetic and epigenetic changes. We propose to develop a gene therapy approach to address this problem using a unique piggyBac transposon- based transfection system that was developed at our institute in Phase I of this COBRE. These GENIE plasmids are able to efficiently introduce genes into the host genome. Moreover, this non-viral approach presents many advantages over virus-based systems, including low toxicity and low immune response. We have recently employed a minimally invasive in vivo method (Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction, UTMD) for the delivery of GENIE plasmids achieving long-term expression of a reporter gene in the liver of mice. UTMD can mediate site-specific delivery of bioactive molecules to ultrasound-accessible target organs such as the placenta. Specifically, we will first attempt to knockdown the Glut1 expression in mice by stably introducing shRNAmir constructs into the genome of the placenta via UTMD. We will then determine the effects of Glut1 knockdown on placental glucose transport capacity on fetal growth and the metabolic syndrome in the offspring. We will also determine the effects of Glut1 knockdown on the function of primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells. Since the placenta is a tissue with a finite life span, essential for fetal development but discarded after birth, it is well suited for improving fetal wellbeing through genetic modifications, without causing problems associated with gene transfer directly into the host genome. The hypothesis that we will test in this application is that a placenta-specific reduction in Glut1 expression and consequent decrease of glucose transport into the placenta will attenuate fetal overgrowth and subsequent metabolic syndrome in offspring from dams fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, placental gene transfer may serve as an early intervention strategy to reduce fetal overgrowth.

专题摘要/摘要-专题4