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Neural and behavioral investigations of dissociations in conceptual and linguistic factors influencing verb retrieval in people with aphasia

影响失语症患者动词检索的概念和语言因素分离的神经和行为研究

基本信息

批准号：
9906353
负责人：
Haley C. Dresang
金额：
$ 2.75万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2020-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Project Summary Approximately one-third of stroke survivors in the United States suffer from aphasia, a disorder that affects the ability to use and/or understand language. Word-retrieval impairments are a cardinal symptom of aphasia. Noun-retrieval deficits have long been studied, but verbs have received much less attention. Despite this, approximately 70% of people with aphasia have verb-retrieval deficits, which are highly predictive of success in everyday communication. Behavioral treatments targeting verb retrieval result in improved language function and communicative effectiveness, but the underlying mechanisms and predictors of response to such treatments are not understood. The proposed study aims to addresses this gap by investigating behavioral, neuroanatomical, and cue-type variables that characterize verb-retrieval impairments and promote successful verb retrieval in people with aphasia. The first objective of this research is to characterize neuroanatomical differences that predict how well individuals with aphasia retrieve linguistic (verb) information versus conceptual (action) information. Performance on a validated behavioral battery of verb and (picture-based) action stimuli will be compared to both white-matter and gray-matter neuroanatomical variables. This comparison will test competing models of the neural basis of language and conceptual representations, and of aphasic language deficits. Classic cognitive- linguistic accounts hypothesize that people with aphasia will perform poorly on linguistic tasks, but not conceptual tasks. They further predict that severity of linguistic impairments will be associated with lesions exclusively to language-related brain networks. In contrast, grounded cognition accounts predict that people with aphasia will have impairments in both linguistic and conceptual tasks, hypothesizing that this occurs due to damage in language- or action-related brain networks, which jointly support performance in such tasks. The second objective is to investigate whether people with and without aphasia rely on linguistic versus conceptual information during verb retrieval. People will retrieve verbs in response to either linguistically- or conceptually-related cues. A primed verb-naming experiment will test how these two information types drive verb-retrieval performance in a task that prioritizes linguistic processing (“Name the word you see on the screen”). Based on previous findings, it is hypothesized that healthy participants will show greater facilitation for linguistically-related cues than for conceptually-related cues in such naming tasks. People with aphasia are expected to show greater facilitation for conceptual cues in the verb-naming task if they have successfully adapted to their language impairments. Subsequent analyses will identify person-level traits (neuroanatomical, behavioral) that predict which cues facilitate verb retrieval in people with aphasia, at both the group and the individual level. This research will provide evidence that can advance neurocognitive models, inform clinical decision-making, and guide selection of verb-retrieval interventions.

项目摘要在美国，大约有三分之一的中风幸存者患有失语症，这种疾病影响到使用或理解语言的能力。词汇提取障碍是失语症的主要症状。名词提取障碍的研究由来已久，但动词的研究却很少。尽管如此，大约70%的失语症患者有动词提取缺陷，这是成功的高度预测，日常沟通。针对动词提取的行为治疗导致语言功能的改善和沟通的有效性，但潜在的机制和预测反应，这样的治疗不被理解。这项拟议中的研究旨在通过调查行为，神经解剖学，和线索类型变量，表征动词提取障碍，并促进成功的动词提取，失语症患者这项研究的第一个目标是描述神经解剖学的差异，这些差异可以预测失语症患者检索语言（动词）信息与概念（动作）信息。将与经过验证的动词和（基于图片的）动作刺激行为组合的表现进行比较白质和灰质神经解剖学变量。这种比较将测试竞争模型，语言和概念表征的神经基础，以及失语症的语言缺陷。经典的认知- 语言学的解释假设失语症患者在语言任务中表现不佳，但概念任务。他们进一步预测，语言障碍的严重程度将与病变有关。专门针对与语言相关的大脑网络。相比之下，扎根认知理论预测，失语症患者在语言和概念任务方面都会有障碍，假设这是由于损害语言或动作相关的大脑网络，共同支持这些任务的表现。第二个目标是调查失语症患者和非失语症患者是否依赖于语言和动词提取过程中的概念信息。人们会检索动词，以回应语言学上的-或概念相关的线索。一个启动动词命名实验将测试这两种信息类型如何驱动在优先考虑语言处理的任务中，动词检索性能（“说出你在屏幕上看到的单词”）屏幕”）。根据以前的研究结果，假设健康的参与者将表现出更大的促进作用，语言相关的线索比概念相关的线索在这样的命名任务。失语症患者在动词命名任务中，如果他们成功地适应了，他们对概念线索的易化程度会更高他们的语言障碍。随后的分析将确定个人层面的特征（神经解剖学，行为），预测哪些线索促进失语症患者的动词提取，在组和个人层面。这项研究将提供证据，可以推进神经认知模型，告知临床决策，并指导选择动词检索干预措施。