Immune cells as a driver of cell non-autonomous aging

项目摘要 老龄化和与老龄化相关的慢性疾病给我们的医疗保健系统带来了巨大的负担， 降低老年人的生活质量。随着我们的世界人口在未来三十年急剧老龄化， 负担只会增加。因此，非常需要发现衰老的基本机制， 最大限度地减少老龄化对我们的健康和经济的影响的基本战略。 人们普遍认为，细胞自主机制有助于衰老。随着细胞累积损伤 随着时间的推移，它们通过触发单个细胞命运决定（例如，衰老和凋亡）， 最终破坏组织的体内平衡，从而增加发病的风险。然而，最近， 大量证据表明细胞非自主机制也至关重要。 这些细胞非自主机制可能更容易和更安全地靶向治疗。因此 查明和描述这些机制是一个优先事项。要问“老化”小鼠的一个组织是否足够 为了驱动系统老化，我们产生了一系列的八个组织特异性突变动物，其中DNA损伤， 衰老和组织功能障碍一次仅在一种细胞类型或组织中增加。我们的初步数据 这表明“老化”的免疫细胞在非自主地驱动衰老中起着关键作用。只有在造血 细胞突变小鼠是非靶向的，在生命的第一年外周组织受到显著影响， 增加衰老、炎症和体内平衡丧失。这个项目的目标是充分定义这部小说 免疫细胞介导的体内非自主衰老机制。该项目的目标是：1。 确定由“老化”免疫系统驱动的继发性衰老的时间顺序和程度。 衰老增加的特异性免疫和非免疫细胞类型将通过qRT-PCR鉴定， 不同鼠龄的CyTOF。“老年”免疫系统对外周组织的功能影响 将通过测量疾病特异性终点和年龄相关的组织病理学来确定体内平衡。2. 确定在驱动系统性衰老方面最有效的免疫细胞类型。这将是完成 通过将脾细胞和分离的免疫细胞群移植到年轻的衰老报告小鼠中， 随后产生和表征细胞类型特异性突变小鼠（例如，T、B、NK细胞或 亚群）。3.确定“老化”的免疫细胞驱动系统老化的机制。这将 通过将血清从造血突变小鼠转移到年轻的衰老报告小鼠中来完成 随后对分离的免疫细胞群体进行转录组学分析以鉴定分泌因子。这些 推定的促老因子将通过蛋白质组学和功能验证来验证。 这些目标的完成将确定和表征细胞非自主老化的新机制 由老化的免疫系统驱动，这将有助于延长人类健康寿命的治疗靶向。

Project Summary Aging and the chronic diseases associated with aging place a tremendous burden on our healthcare system and reduce quality of life for the elderly. As our world population ages dramatically over the next three decades, the burden will only increase. Hence, there is a great need to discover fundamental mechanisms of aging to develop rationale strategies for minimizing the impact of aging on our health and economy. There is general agreement that cell autonomous mechanisms contribute to aging. As cells accrue damage over time, they respond by triggering individual cell fate decisions (e.g., senescence and apoptosis) that ultimately disrupt tissue homeostasis and thereby increase risk of morbidity. However, more recently, there are numerous lines of evidence indicating that cell non-autonomous mechanisms are critically important as well. These cell non-autonomous mechanisms are likely much easier and safer to target therapeutically. Therefore identifying and characterizing these mechanisms is a priority. To ask if “aging” just one tissue in mice is sufficient to drive systemic aging, we generated a series of eight tissue-specific mutant animals in which DNA damage, senescence and tissue dysfunction were increased in only one cell type or tissue at a time. Our preliminary data indicate that “aged” immune cells play a key role in driving aging non-autonomously. Only in the hematopoietic cell mutant mice were non-targeted, peripheral tissues dramatically affected in the first year of life, showing increased senescence, inflammation and loss of homeostasis. The goal of this project is to fully define this novel mechanism of immune cell-mediated, non-autonomous aging in vivo. The aims of the project are to: 1. Determine the temporal order and extent of secondary senescence driven by an “aged” immune system. The specific immune and non-immune cell types with increased senescence will be identified by qRT-PCR and CyTOF at different mouse ages. The functional impact of the “aged” immune system on peripheral tissue homeostasis will be determined by measuring disease-specific endpoints and age-related histopathology. 2. Identify the immune cell type(s) that is most potent at driving systemic aging. This will be accomplished by transplanting splenocytes and isolated immune cell populations into young senescence reporter mice, followed by generation and characterization of cell-type specific mutant mice (e.g., T, B, NK cell or subpopulations). 3. Identify the mechanism by which “aged” immune cells drive systemic aging. This will be accomplished by serum transfer from the hematopoietic mutant mice into young senescence reporter mice followed by transcriptomic analysis of isolated immune cell populations to identify secreted factors. These putative pro-geronic factors will be validated by proteomics and functional validation. Completion of these aims will identify and characterize a novel mechanism(s) of cell non-autonomous aging driven by an aged immune system, which will lend itself to therapeutic targeting for extending human healthspan.