Comparison of the Cardiovascular Benefits of Resistance, Aerobic, and Combined Exercise (Cardio-RACE)

项目摘要 有氧运动（AE）对预防心血管疾病（CVD）有很好的健康益处，如 心脏病或中风。然而，很少有证据表明抗阻运动（RE）是否可以预防CVD 或改变CVD风险因素的发展，独立于AE或与AE结合。事实上，联邦 身体活动指南主要关注健康方面的AE。还有一个重要的问题没有得到解答： “哪种类型或组合的运动对预防CVD最有效？”为了回答这个问题，目标 这项研究的标题是“阻力运动、有氧运动和综合运动对心血管益处的比较” （ERACE）”是为了检验RE和AE具有独立的CVD益处的假设， RE加AE比RE或AE单独使用具有更大的附加效益。为了实现这一目标，该项目包括 两个具体目标： 目的1：探讨RE、AE和联合运动对心血管事件危险因素的比较有效性 （高血压、2型糖尿病、高胆固醇血症和肥胖）和CVD发病率和死亡率， 分析大量的队列数据。 目的2：评估RE和AE训练对传统和 新出现的CVD风险因素/标志物（中枢血流动力学，炎症生物标志物，葡萄糖代谢， 血脂、肥胖、肌肉减少指数和健身）。 在目标1中，将使用> 34，000名成人的有氧运动中心纵向研究数据。这是最大的一批 随访RE超过35年，并客观测量肌肉力量。在目标2中，400名高风险成年人 将招募的发展心血管疾病和随机分为四个1年干预组之一：1）RE培训 仅AE训练，2）仅AE训练，3）RE加AE组合训练，或4）无训练对照。拟议项目将 研究RE和AE训练如何改变传统和新兴CVD危险因素/标志物的机制 (Aim 2），并进一步预防一般人群的CVD发病率和死亡率（目标1）。 这项研究可以填补一个重要的空白，我们的知识的好处，RE，以进一步预防心血管疾病，超越了 有充分证据证明的AE获益。该项目可能有助于开发更有效的临床和 预防心血管疾病的公共卫生策略，并推动更全面的未来身体活动指南 来支持国立卫生研究院的使命。

PROJECT SUMMARY Aerobic exercise (AE) has well documented health benefits to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as heart diseases or stroke. However, there is very little evidence whether resistance exercise (RE) prevents CVD or modifies the development of CVD risk factors, independent of and combined with AE. In fact, the Federal Physical Activity Guidelines primarily focus on AE for health. There remains an important unanswered question: “What type or combination of exercise is most effective for CVD prevention?” To answer this question, the goal of this study, “Comparison of the Cardiovascular Benefits of Resistance, Aerobic, and Combined Exercise (Cardio-RACE)” is to test the hypothesis that RE and AE have independent CVD benefits, thus the combined RE plus AE have greater additive benefits than either RE or AE alone. To achieve this goal, the project includes two specific aims: AIM 1: To explore the comparative effectiveness of RE, AE, and combined exercise on incident CVD risk factors (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity) and CVD morbidity and mortality, by analyzing a large cohort data. AIM 2: To evaluate the independent and additive (combined) effects of RE and AE training on traditional and emerging CVD risk factors/markers (central hemodynamics, inflammatory biomarkers, glucose metabolism, blood lipids, adiposity, sarcopenic indices, and fitness), by conducting a randomized controlled trial of exercise. In Aim 1, the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study data in >34,000 adults will be used. This is the largest cohort followed over 35 years with RE and objectively measured muscular strength. In Aim 2, 400 adults at high risk of developing CVD will be recruited and randomized to one of four 1-year intervention groups: 1) RE training only, 2) AE training only, 3) a combined RE plus AE training, or 4) no training control. The proposed project will investigate mechanisms of how RE and AE training modify traditional and emerging CVD risk factors/markers (Aim 2), and further prevent CVD morbidity and mortality in the general population (Aim 1). This study could fill an important gap in our knowledge of the benefits of RE to further prevent CVD, beyond the well-documented benefits of AE. This project potentially contributes to developing more effective clinical and public health strategies to prevent CVD and advancing more comprehensive future physical activity guidelines to support the mission of the National Institutes of Health.