Early Childhood Maltreatment and Profiles of Resilience

项目摘要 虐待儿童仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题，约有70万名受害者。 每年.虽然受虐待的儿童有很大的风险产生负面的发展结果， 受虐待的儿童表现出复原力，这是一个积极适应和发挥作用的过程， 不利的生活环境。幼儿期的复原力特别重要，因为 核心竞争力在此期间形成，使其成为终身提升的关键机会窗口 韧性;然而，我们对遭受虐待的年轻儿童的韧性如何运作知之甚少。此外，委员会认为， 尽管理论证据支持弹性的多维度性，但先前的实证研究 通常采用简单的弹性与非弹性二分法，未能准确描述 在其中可以发展复原力成果和进程。了解不同的复原力概况 功能（例如，所有发展领域的复原力结果低;认知功能高，但低 社会功能），并确定虐待的特点和家庭生态， 复原力概况是推动实地工作向前发展的重要新问题。这项研究提出了一个 有意义的贡献，虐待和复原力研究领域，通过新颖的应用， 以人为中心的分析方法，研究幼儿心理弹性结果的异质性。 此外，这项研究将确定虐待的特点和家庭风险和保护因素， 幼儿期复原力的发展，为制定干预措施提供宝贵信息 和临床实践。将利用全国儿童和青少年调查进行二次分析， 青少年幸福感（NSCAW-II）和幼儿纵向研究-2010年幼儿园班- 11（ECLS-K：2011）旨在实现三个具体目标：（1）确定多个国家不同的复原力概况， 儿童早期的功能领域（认知、情感、行为、社会）;（2） 研究虐待特征与家庭风险和保护的同步和滞后关系 （3）确定在何种程度上基线的复原力状况保持稳定， 随着时间的推移而变化，并研究各种虐待特征以及家庭风险和保护因素 与随着时间的推移恢复力的过渡模式有关。这项研究的目的与NICHD的目标非常吻合。 新的研究重点，以刺激研究，以“促进高风险个人的心理社会调整” 环境”。此外，拟议的研究有助于NICHD的使命“确保所有儿童 有机会充分发挥其健康和富有成效的生活潜力”， 最需要服务的弱势儿童群体，并指导努力减少 在生命的早期健康发展。

PROJECT SUMMARY Child maltreatment continues to be a serious public health concern, with approximately 700,000 victims each year. Although maltreated children are at significant risk for negative developmental outcomes, some maltreated children exhibit resilience, which is the process of positive adaptation and functioning in the face of adverse life circumstances. Resilience during early childhood is particularly important because the basis of core competence is formed during this period, making it a critical window of opportunity for promoting life-long resilience; yet we know very little about how resilience operates in young maltreated children. Furthermore, despite theoretical evidence that supports the multidimensionality of resilience, prior empirical research has often employed a simple dichotomous view of resilient vs. non-resilient, failing to accurately describe the ways in which resilience outcomes and processes may develop. Understanding different profiles of resilience functioning (e.g., low resilience outcomes across all developmental domains; high cognitive functioning but low social functioning) and identifying maltreatment characteristics and family ecology that distinguish variations in resilience profiles are important new questions to move the field forward. The proposed research makes a meaningful contribution to the fields of maltreatment and resilience research through the novel application of a person-centered analytical approach in studying heterogeneity in resilience outcomes among young children. Additionally, the study will identify maltreatment characteristics and family risk and protective factors that shape the development of resilience during early childhood, offering valuable information for intervention development and clinical practice. A secondary analysis will be conducted using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II) and The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study– Kindergarten Class of 2010- 11 (ECLS-K: 2011) to address three specific aims: (1) To identify distinct profiles of resilience across multiple domains of functioning (cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social) among children in early childhood; (2) To investigate concurrent and lagged relationships of maltreatment characteristics and family risk and protective factors to resilience profiles; and (3) To determine to what extent resilience profiles at baseline remain stable or change over time and examine how various maltreatment characteristics and family risk and protective factors are related to transition patterns of resilience functioning over time. The study aims closely match the NICHD's New Research Priorities to stimulate research to “promote psychosocial adjustment for individuals in high-risk environments.” Further, the proposed study contributes to the NICHD's mission of “ensuring that all children have the chance to achieve their full potential for healthy and productive lives” by identifying the most vulnerable group of children with the greatest need of services, and guiding the effort to reduce disparities in healthy development during the early years of life.