Neural processing in covert attention

隐性注意中的神经处理

• 批准号: 9981927
• 负责人: James Bisley
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9981927
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Area; Attention; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Blindness; Brain; Color; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Diffusion; Environment; Foundations; Head; Knowledge; Life; Light; Literature; Location; Manuals; Military Personnel; Modeling; Motion; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Pharmacology; Play; Process; Ramp; Reaction; Reaction Time; Response to stimulus physiology; Role; Running; Saccades; Security; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Testing; Vision; Visual; Visual attention; area MT; association cortex; attentional modulation; base; behavioral response; covert attention; dashboard; design; distraction; extrastriate visual cortex; frontal eye fields; gaze; inattentional blindness; lateral intraparietal area; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual search

Project Summary For centuries, magicians and illusionists have known that if they distract your gaze and attention, you are unlikely to notice what they are doing in plain sight. This inattentional blindness is a result of our limited ability to take in everything about the visual scene and is traditionally illustrated in the lab by set-size effects in visual search: the more items you have to search through, the harder it is to find what you are looking for and the longer it takes. We have recently found that this limitation does not appear to involve visual processing in visual areas, but takes place as the visual information is passed up to association cortices. We hypothesized that divisive normalization in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of posterior parietal cortex plays a key role in this process. Our hypothesis combines our knowledge of the neurophysiology of attention, divisive normalization and decision making to explain the behavioral effects associated with changes in set-size. Specifically, we have suggested that when looking for an item, activity in LIP represents the accumulation of evidence from visual areas that the item is in the neuron's response field and if the activity reaches a threshold before a deadline, the animal indicates that the item is in that location. This accumulation is affected by divisive normalization: the more items in the visual world, the more activity across the area and the greater the normalization, resulting in lower accumulation rates. We know that visual attention enhances responses in visual areas, and propose that this effective increase in gain in the input to LIP helps override the effective gain decrease due to the divisive normalization. In this project, we will test this hypothesis using a visual search task utilizing moving dot stimuli. Specifically, we will record from single neurons in areas MT (a motion processing area) and LIP while animals perform a visual search task in which the 1, 2 or 4 objects in the array are moving dot patterns. If a target direction is present, then the animals must look at it, otherwise, they must maintain fixation. We will vary the signal and the color of the dots in each patch and will have three attentional conditions. In the spatial attention condition, the animal is spatially cued, indicating which location the target will appear in, if it appears at all. In the feature- based attention condition, the animal is given a color cue and the target, if it appears, will appear in a patch with dots the same color as the cue. In the spread attention condition, the animal is not given any cue. We will model the behavior (both percent correct and reaction times) based on our hypothesis and the activity in MT and LIP. We will then directly test this hypothesis, by pharmacologically manipulating responses in the frontal eye field while recording behavioral and neuronal data from LIP and MT. We expect that our results will shed light on the neuronal mechanisms underlying our limited ability to process visual information in the scene, but could also indicate a functional role for the attentional modulation that has been studied for almost 30 years.

项目概要 几个世纪以来，魔术师和魔术师都知道，如果他们分散了你的目光和注意力，你就不可能 在众目睽睽之下注意到他们在做什么。这种无意识的盲目是我们能力有限的结果 吸收有关视觉场景的一切，传统上在实验室中通过视觉中的设定尺寸效果进行说明 搜索：您需要搜索的项目越多，找到您要查找的内容就越困难且时间越长 它需要。我们最近发现这种限制似乎并不涉及视觉区域的视觉处理， 但当视觉信息传递到关联皮层时就会发生。我们假设分裂 后顶叶皮质外侧顶内区（LIP）的正常化在此过程中起着关键作用。 我们的假设结合了我们对注意力、分裂正常化和决策的神经生理学知识 解释与设置大小变化相关的行为影响。具体来说，我们建议 当寻找一个项目时，LIP 中的活动代表了视觉区域证据的积累，这些证据表明 项目位于神经元的反应场中，如果活动在截止日期前达到阈值，则动物 表示该项目位于该位置。这种积累受到分裂标准化的影响：项目越多 在视觉世界中，该区域的活动越多，标准化程度就越高，从而导致较低的 积累率。我们知道视觉注意力会增强视觉区域的反应，并提出这 LIP 输入增益的有效增加有助于克服由于分裂而导致的有效增益下降 正常化。在这个项目中，我们将使用利用移动点刺激的视觉搜索任务来测试这个假设。 具体来说，我们将记录动物时 MT（运动处理区域）和 LIP 区域的单个神经元 执行视觉搜索任务，其中阵列中的 1、2 或 4 个对象是移动的点图案。如果目标方向 如果存在，那么动物必须看着它，否则，它们必须保持注视。我们将改变信号并 每个色块中点的颜色，并且将具有三个注意条件。在空间注意条件下， 动物会受到空间提示，指示目标将出现在哪个位置（如果它出现的话）。在专题中—— 基于注意力条件，动物被给予颜色提示，目标如果出现，将出现在带有颜色的斑块中 点的颜色与提示相同。在分散注意力的情况下，动物不会得到任何提示。我们将建模 基于我们的假设以及 MT 和 LIP 活动的行为（正确百分比和反应时间）。 然后，我们将通过药理学操纵额眼区域的反应来直接检验这一假设 同时记录来自 LIP 和 MT 的行为和神经元数据。我们希望我们的结果能够阐明 我们处理场景中视觉信息的能力有限，但也可能是神经机制 表明注意力调节的功能作用已被研究了近 30 年。