Mechanisms of Risky Alcohol Use in Young Adults: Linking Sleep Duration and Timing to Reward- and Stress-Related Brain Function

年轻人危险饮酒的机制：将睡眠持续时间和时间与奖励和压力相关的大脑功能联系起来

• 批准号: 10364087
• 负责人: Melynda D Casement
• 金额: $ 52.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10364087
• 关键词: Acute; Adolescent and Young Adult; Affect; Age; Age-Years; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholism; Brain; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic; Communities; Consumption; Development; Disease; Equipment and supply inventories; Etiology; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Health; Hour; Injury; Institutes; Intervention; Laboratories; Link; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mental Health; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurosecretory Systems; Observational Study; Patient Self-Report; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psychologist; Psychopathology; Randomized; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Series; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep disturbances; Stress; Stressful Event; Suicide attempt; Symptoms; System; Testing; Translating; Woman; alcohol abuse therapy; alcohol misuse; alcohol use disorder; base; biobehavior; circadian; comorbidity; cost; deter alcohol use; disability; disorder prevention; experience; experimental study; follow-up; high risk; high risk drinking; improved; men; modifiable risk; mortality; physical assault; preventive intervention; prospective; recruit; response; sexual assault; sleep behavior; sleep regulation; stressor; young adult

7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The long-term objectives of this proposal are: 1) to evaluate a biobehavioral model of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in young adults with recent high-risk drinking (≥ 4 drinks/day or ≥ 8/week for women, ≥ 5 drinks/day or ≥ 15/week for men) and high lifetime exposure to stressors, and 2) to leverage sleep and circadian function to promote mental health. These objectives are consistent with two key priorities of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA): 1) identify mechanisms of AUDs, and 2) improve prevention and treatment for alcohol misuse. The proposed model of AUD posits that sleep duration and/or timing moderate the effects of stressful life events on high-risk alcohol use by disrupting reward- and stress-related brain function. The research approach uses two complementary study designs to evaluate the proposed model: 1) an observational study (n=150) that will assess the degree to which short and late sleep predict later reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use, and 2) an experimental study (n=100) that will evaluate the extent to which sleep duration and timing affect reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use. The sample includes young adults (18-24 years of age) with recent high-risk drinking and high lifetime exposure to stressors (≥20 stressors on a lifetime stress and adversity inventory). Recruitment will be stratified to include young adults with short and late sleep (weekday sleep duration ≤ 6 h & midpoint ≥ 4 am; n=100) versus long and early sleep (weekday sleep duration ≥ 8h & midpoint ≤ 2:30 am; n=50). Both studies include measurement of daily sleep and stressful events for 2 weeks; subsequent laboratory measures of reward- and stress-related brain function and sleep and circadian characteristics; and self-report measures of alcohol use during daily monitoring and 2-month follow-up. The experimental study includes random assignment of young adults with short and late sleep from the observational study to 2 weeks of either: 1) 90 min extension and advance of sleep opportunity and timing (n=50); or 2) typical sleep opportunity and timing (n=50). This research approach will accomplish three specific aims: 1) Evaluate the extent to which sleep duration and/or timing predict reward- and stress-related brain function, and moderate the effects of stressful life events; 2) Establish the extent to which sleep duration and/or timing affect reward- and stress-related brain function, and moderate the effects of stressful life events; and 3) Determine the extent to which changes in reward- or stress-related brain function mediate the associations between sleep duration and/or timing and alcohol use. The investigative team has expertise in the etiology and prevention of AUD in young adults, including specific expertise in the impact of sleep and stressful life events on the stress and reward systems that contribute to AUD. All three investigators are also licensed psychologists who are committed to translating research on the mechanisms of psychopathology to preventative interventions.

7.项目摘要/摘要 该提案的长期目标是：1)评估酒精使用障碍的生物行为模型 最近有高风险饮酒的年轻人(女性为≥4饮品/天或≥8/周，≥5饮品/天或≥ 男性每周15次)和终生高压力暴露，以及2)利用睡眠和昼夜节律功能 促进心理健康。这些目标与美国国立卫生研究院的两个主要优先事项是一致的 酒精滥用和酒精中毒(NIAAA)：1)确定AUDS的机制，2)改进预防和 酒精滥用的治疗。建议的AUD模型假设睡眠持续时间和/或时间适中 应激性生活事件通过扰乱奖赏和应激相关大脑对高风险饮酒的影响 功能。研究方法使用两个互补的研究设计来评估所提出的模型：1) 一项观察性研究(n=150)将评估短睡眠和晚睡眠在多大程度上预示着更晚的回报-- 与压力相关的大脑功能和饮酒，以及2)一项实验研究(n=100)，将评估 睡眠时间和时间对奖赏和压力相关的大脑功能和酒精使用的影响程度。这个 样本包括年轻人(18-24岁)，最近有高风险饮酒和终身高暴露于 压力源(一生压力和逆境清单中的≥20个压力源)。招聘将进行分层，以包括 睡眠时间短和晚的年轻人(工作日睡眠持续时间≤6h和中点≥凌晨4点；n=100)与长睡眠 早睡(工作日睡眠持续时间≥8h和中点≤2：30；n=50)。这两项研究都包括测量 2周的日常睡眠和压力事件；随后的奖励和压力相关的实验室测量 大脑功能、睡眠和昼夜节律特征；以及日常饮酒情况的自我报告 监测和2个月随访。这项实验研究包括随机分配给患有 从观察性研究到2周的短睡眠和晚睡眠：1)延长和提前90分钟 睡眠时机和时机(n=50)；或2)典型睡眠时机和时机(n=50)。这种研究方法 将实现三个具体目标：1)评估睡眠时间和/或时间预测奖励的程度- 和应激相关的大脑功能，并缓和应激生活事件的影响；2)建立 哪些睡眠时间和/或时间会影响奖赏和压力相关的大脑功能，并缓和 应激性生活事件；以及3)决定奖赏或压力相关的大脑功能变化的程度 调节睡眠时间和/或时间与饮酒之间的关系。调查组已经 在青壮年AUD的病因和预防方面的专门知识，包括在以下方面的专门知识 睡眠和有压力的生活事件对压力和奖励系统的影响，这些都是导致澳元的原因。所有三名调查人员 也是有执照的心理学家，他们致力于将关于心理障碍机制的研究转化为 从精神病理学到预防性干预。