Minimal Standards of Adequacy: A History of Health Care in US Prisons

充分性的最低标准：美国监狱医疗保健的历史

• 批准号: 10360920
• 负责人: Jessica L. Adler
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-04 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10360920
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Abuse Reporting; Advocate; American Medical Association; American Public Health Association; Archives; Attention; Books; COVID-19; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; Caring; Chronic; Civil Rights; Communities; Complex; Conceptions; Constitutional; Country; Data; Development; Ethics; Face; Gambling; Government; Group Meetings; Health; Health Policy; Health Services; Healthcare; Healthcare Systems; Hepatitis C; Hospitals; Imprisonment; Institution; Interdisciplinary Study; Jail; Justice; Legal; Length; Letters; Literature; Medical; Medical Research; Medicine; Mental disorders; Modernization; Movement; Nature; Peer Review; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Plant Roots; Policies; Policy Analysis; Policy Maker; Population; Prisons; Privatization; Professional Organizations; Public Health; Published Comment; Publishing; Reader; Reading; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Subjects; Review Literature; Rights; Science; Service provision; Services; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Shapes; Source; Statutes and Laws; Time; Tuberculosis; United States; Variant; Woman; Work; World War II; base; court; diaries; expectation; experience; health care availability; health disparity; improved; insight; marginalized population; men; news; programs; social movement; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY The disproportionate impact of covid-19 in U.S. jails and prisons offers stark evidence of a reality rooted in history: the incarceration of more than two million people constitutes a public health catastrophe. Mass incarceration threatens the well-being of communities and exacerbates health disparities. Inside of prisons, incarcerated people face a variety of health challenges. They are more likely to have HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, tuberculosis, and an array of common sexually transmitted diseases than their non- incarcerated counterparts; over 40 percent of people in prisons have a chronic condition. Peer-reviewed literature, news reports, and legal claims provide evidence of egregious shortfalls in prison medical services. As increasing evidence emerges demonstrating that prison health care is inadequate, there remains no comprehensive study of how this overwhelming contemporary health policy and humanitarian crisis arose. Minimal Standards of Adequacy: A History of Health Care in U.S. Prisons explores how incarcerated people, medical and corrections professionals, reformers, policy makers, and the courts defined and perceived prison medical services during the past century. Building upon path-breaking work about the health consequences of incarceration, about the history of prisons, and about how incarcerated people endured and resisted being abused and exploited as medical research subjects, the book explores questions related to so-called routine medical care. It begins in the 1920s and 1930s, when state-level court cases and federal legislation related to prison hospitals highlighted confounding questions about health-related rights and governmental obligations in carceral institutions. It explores the amorphous standards that influenced prison-based care in the post-World War II years, and how incarcerated men and women experienced medical services. Minimal Standards also assesses prison health activism, paying special attention to its connection with the civil rights movement, and the 1976 Supreme Court case, Estelle v. Gamble, which, building on state-level lawsuits, helped establish that people in prisons have a constitutional right to health care. It shows that, in the wake of Estelle, professional organizations like the American Medical Association and American Public Health Association articulated standards for service provision even as prisons became more prevalent, more bureaucratized, more privatized, and more openly punitive. The book ends with the recognition that more than forty years after Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens maintained that the government must “provide the persons in its custody with a health care system which meets minimal standards of adequacy,” major legal and ethical questions regarding the medical rights of incarcerated people – and reports of abuses of those rights – abound. Based on rigorous research in national, state, and local archives, Minimal Standards offers insights about legal, medical, policy, and prison history, and perspective on the roots of a modern public health calamity.

项目总结 新冠肺炎对美国监狱和监狱的不成比例的影响为现实提供了鲜明的证据 植根于历史：200多万人被监禁构成了一场公共卫生灾难。 大规模监禁威胁着社区的福祉，加剧了健康差距。在内部 监狱里，被监禁的人面临着各种各样的健康挑战。他们更有可能感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病， 丙型肝炎、结核病和一系列常见的性传播疾病 被监禁的人；监狱中超过40%的人患有慢性病。同行评审 文献、新闻报道和法律主张提供了监狱医疗严重不足的证据。 服务。随着越来越多的证据表明监狱卫生保健不足， 仍然没有全面研究这种压倒性的当代卫生政策和人道主义 危机出现了。充分性的最低标准：美国监狱卫生保健的历史探索如何 被监禁的人、医疗和矫正专业人员、改革者、政策制定者和法院 在过去的一个世纪里，监狱医疗服务的定义和认知。在开创性工作的基础上建设 关于监禁的健康后果，关于监狱的历史，关于如何监禁 这本书探索了人们忍受和抵制作为医学研究对象的虐待和剥削 与所谓的常规医疗有关的问题。它始于20世纪20年代和30年代，当时国家一级 与监狱医院有关的法庭案件和联邦立法突出了令人困惑的问题 监禁机构中与健康有关的权利和政府义务。它探索了无定形的 在第二次世界大战后影响监狱护理的标准，以及如何监禁男性 女性体验了医疗服务。最低标准还评估监狱健康行动主义， 特别注意它与民权运动和1976年最高法院的联系 埃斯特尔诉甘布尔一案，该案以州一级的诉讼为基础，帮助确立了监狱中的人 享有宪法赋予的医疗保健权利。它表明，在埃斯特尔之后，专业组织 像美国医学协会和美国公共卫生协会阐明的标准 在监狱变得更加普遍、更加官僚化、更加私有化的情况下提供服务 更公开的惩罚性。这本书的结尾承认，在最高法院成立40多年后 大法官约翰·保罗·史蒂文斯坚持认为，政府必须“向被其羁押的人提供 满足最低充分性标准的医疗保健系统，“主要的法律和伦理问题 关于被监禁人员的医疗权利--以及关于侵犯这些权利的报道--比比皆是。 基于对国家、州和地方档案馆的严格研究，最低标准提供了关于以下方面的见解 法律、医疗、政策和监狱历史，以及对现代公共卫生灾难根源的看法。