TR&D Project 2: Virtual Scanners

TR

• 批准号: 10372910
• 负责人: Ehsan Samei
• 金额: $ 29.42万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10372910
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Algorithms; Anatomy; Artificial Intelligence; Biological Models; Cardiac; Clinical; Code; Communities; Computed Tomography Scanners; Computer software; Computing Methodologies; Data; Data Set; Dose; Evaluation; Generations; Geometry; Goals; Image; Imaging technology; Knowledge; Manufacturer Name; Medical Imaging; Methods; Modeling; Monte Carlo Method; Motion; Patients; Performance; Perfusion; Phase; Process; Protocols documentation; Radiation Dose Unit; Radiation Scattering; Reader; Research; Roentgen Rays; Scheme; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; Specificity; Speed; System; Technology; Training; Tube; Validation; Variant; Work; X-Ray Computed Tomography; base; clinical imaging; design; detector; flexibility; high resolution imaging; human subject; imaging modality; in silico; multiple datasets; new technology; photon-counting detector; programs; prototype; radiation absorbed dose; radiomics; reconstruction; respiratory; simulation; system architecture; tool; usability; user-friendly; virtual; virtual imaging; virtual patient; virtual platform

ABSTRACT – TRD2: Virtual Scanners Virtual Imaging Trials (VITs) offer a powerful alternative to conducting studies of computed tomography (CT) technologies with human subjects. With the trial taking place in silico, virtual trials require a fast and realistic CT simulator. However, current CT simulators are inadequate to meet this need due to limited representation of the actual CT acquisition processes and slow speed. Simulators using Monte Carlo methods are optimal in accurately modeling the image acquisition process but too slow for simulating high resolution images. Alternative ray-tracing methods are faster but unable to provide realistic estimates of absorbed radiation dose, a factor of high importance in CT imaging. Most simulators are further limited in their ability to model specific CT makes and models, which would be essential to represent an actual clinical CT imaging scenario. This project develops and provides a new CT simulation platform to meet the desired throughput and realism of virtual imaging trials. The platform combines the benefits of high spatio/temporal details (provided by ray- tracing), precise radiation dose and scatter estimates (provided by Monte Carlo), speed (provided by GPU computing and proficient programing), and specificity (modeling CT subcomponents based on precise system specifications from CT manufacturers). Already prototyped for one CT scanner, this project will expand the prototype into a comprehensive CT simulator platform for multiple CT systems. The Specific Aims of the project are (1) to model CT acquisition subcomponents in detail; (2) to model CT acquisition schemes for estimating primary signal, scatter, and radiation dose; (3) to implement processes for integration, image formation, and validation; and (4) to build a modular interface to enable effective use of the simulator. The simulation will include manufacturer-specific, user-defined, and generic (i.e., manufacturer- neutral) CT systems and reconstruction algorithms, detector geometry and models (including photon-counting detectors), full user-control over acquisition specifications (i.e., virtual patient input from TRD1, CT scanner, protocol, kV, mA, recon, etc.), and a user-friendly modular interface with both GUI and script-based utility. This work will provide a first-of-its-kind rapid and accurate CT simulator with scanner-specific, user- customizable, and generic 3D and 4D modeling capabilities, which can simulate both reconstructed images and absorbed radiation dose. Users will be able to utilize the simulator to study a variety of CT technologies and applications, such as those pertaining to radiation dose optimization, image quality assessment, and image deformation from cardiac and respiratory motion. The simulator would enable task-based design and evaluation of new CT systems and artificial intelligence (AI)-based training through generating large-scale realistic image datasets that replicate the realism of clinical images with the added advantage of known ground truth. The CT simulation platform, combined with the suite of virtual patients (TRD1) and virtual readers (TRD3) offered by the Center, form the essential toolset to enable virtual imaging trials in CT.

摘要 - TRD2：虚拟扫描仪 虚拟成像试验（VIT）为进行计算机断层扫描研究（CT）提供了有力的替代方案 具有人类受试者的技术。随着硅的试验，虚拟试验需要快速和现实 CT模拟器。但是，由于表示有限，目前的CT模拟器不足以满足这一需求 实际的CT采集过程和缓慢的速度。使用蒙特卡洛方法的模拟器在 准确地对图像采集过程进行建模，但对于模拟高分辨率图像的速度太慢。 替代射线追踪方法更快，但无法提供对吸收辐射剂量的现实估计， 在CT成像中非常重要的因素。大多数模拟器的建模能力进一步限制 CT品牌和模型，这对于代表实际的临床CT成像方案至关重要。 该项目开发并提供了一个新的CT模拟平台，以满足所需的吞吐量和现实主义 虚拟成像试验。该平台结合了高空间/时间细节的好处（由Ray-提供 跟踪），精确辐射剂量和散射估计（由蒙特卡洛提供），速度（由GPU提供 计算和熟练编程）和特异性（基于精确系统的CT子组件进行建模 CT制造商的规格）。该项目已经针对一个CT扫描仪进行了原型 将原型用于多个CT系统的综合CT模拟器平台。 该项目的具体目的是（1）详细建模CT采集子组件； （2）型号CT 采集方案用于估计一级信号，散射和辐射剂量； （3）实施流程 集成，图像形成和验证； （4）构建模块化接口以有效地使用 模拟器。模拟将包括特定于制造商的，用户定义和通用的（即制造商 - 中性）CT系统和重建算法，检测器几何形状和模型（包括光子计数 检测器），全部用户控制对获取规格（即，来自TRD1的虚拟患者输入，CT扫描仪， 协议，KV，MA，侦察等）以及具有GUI和基于脚本的实用程序的用户友好的模块化接口。 这项工作将提供具有特定于扫描仪的用户 - 可自定义和通用的3D和4D建模功能，可以模拟两个重建图像 和吸收的辐射剂量。用户将能够利用模拟器来研究各种CT技术 和应用程序，例如与辐射剂量优化，图像质量评估以及 心脏和呼吸运动的图像变形。模拟器将启用基于任务的设计和 通过产生大规模的新CT系统和人工智能（AI）的培训评估 现实的图像数据集复制了临床图像的现实主义，并具有已知地面的额外优势 真相。 CT模拟平台，结合了虚拟患者（TRD1）和虚拟读取器（TRD3）的套件 由中心提供，构成了基本工具集，可以在CT中进行虚拟成像试验。