Adaptability in infant walking

婴儿行走的适应性

• 批准号: 10389049
• 负责人: Christina M Hospodar
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2025-07-14
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10389049
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Ankle; Back; Biomechanics; Child; Child Support; Clinical assessments; Collaborations; Computer Vision Systems; Development; Disabled Children; Early Intervention; Environment; Equilibrium; Euclidean Space; Foundations; Gait; Growth; Hip region structure; Infant; Intervention; Joints; Knee; Knowledge; Learning; Length; Machine Learning; Measures; Motor; Motor Skills; Movement; Outcome Measure; Pattern; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Shoes; Speed; Surface; Techniques; Testing; Time; Toes; Vision; Walkers; Walking; Work; base; behavior measurement; density; design; experience; experimental study; falls; foot; improved; innovation; learning strategy; mechanical force; motor behavior; motor control; novel; skills; spatiotemporal; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY A hallmark of functional motor skill is adaptability—tailoring movements to changes in the body or environment. The proposed project focuses on adaptability in infant walking because infants must learn to walk in the midst of continual changes in their bodies and environments. Changes in the body (due to physical growth, carrying objects, footwear, etc.) and environment (varying ground surfaces, obstacles, etc.) alter the biomechanical constraints on balance, propulsion, and braking. Moreover, walking is a foundational motor skill, endemic in everyday activity, and central to clinical assessment and intervention. The central hypothesis is that infants acquire adaptability via everyday walking experience. That is, infants learn strategies for modifying their walking patterns (footfalls and joint angles) as they navigate an ever-changing environment in a continually changing body. A century of research shows that infants’ age and everyday walking experience (elapsed time since walk onset) predict their skill when walking barefoot over flat ground. But little work examined infants’ ability to modify their walking patterns (speed, step length, joint angles, etc.) to cope with changes in their body or environment. Thus, the proposed project fills an empirical gap in scientific knowledge that is fundamental to developmental theory. The proposed experiment tests the role of everyday walking experience in the development of adaptability in infant walking. Because age and walking experience are confounded, the proposed experiment uses a within-subjects, age-held-constant design—all 14-month-old infants to control for age while walking experience (0-4 months) varies freely. Infants will be tested in a baseline condition (walking barefoot over a flat walkway) and in 4 novel conditions that require adaptability—2 body conditions (walking over a flat walkway wearing shoes that tilt their toes 10° up or 10° down); and 2 environment conditions (walking barefoot over a sloping walkway tilted 10° up or 10° down). The shoe conditions affect infants’ balance; the slope conditions affect balance, propulsion, and braking. Spatiotemporal footfall measures, joint angles, and gait disruptions will characterize how infants modify their walking to cope with the novel challenges. Aim 1 tests whether infants display different walking patterns in each condition, and whether walking experience is related to the type and diversity of patterns. Aim 2 assesses the similarity in walking between conditions for each infant, and tests whether walking experience amplifies the similarity or dissimilarity between conditions. Both aims leverage the power of machine learning analyses (density peak clustering and similarity matrices) to fully characterize infants’ walking within and across conditions. The within-subjects, age-held-constant design, innovative body-environment test conditions, and analytic techniques provide a strong test of the long-term objective: to understand the role of experience in the development of adaptability in infant motor skill. Findings promise to inform early intervention practices to support children’s locomotor development.

项目摘要 功能性运动技能的一个标志是适应性，即根据身体或环境的变化调整运动。 拟议的项目侧重于婴儿行走的适应性，因为婴儿必须在 身体和环境的不断变化。身体的变化（由于身体的生长，携带 物品、鞋类等）和环境（不同的地面、障碍物等）改变生物力学 对平衡、推进和制动的限制。此外，步行是一种基本的运动技能， 日常活动，临床评估和干预的核心。 核心假设是婴儿通过日常行走经验获得适应性。也就是说， 学习策略，以修改他们的步行模式（脚步和关节角度），因为他们导航不断变化的 在一个不断变化的身体环境中。一个世纪的研究表明，婴儿的年龄和每天的行走 经验（从行走开始经过的时间）预测他们赤脚在平地上行走的技能。但很少 这项工作检查了婴儿改变行走模式的能力（速度、步长、关节角度等）。科普 身体或环境的变化。因此，拟议的项目填补了科学知识的经验空白 这是发展理论的基础 拟议的实验测试的作用，每天步行的经验，在发展中国家 婴儿行走的适应性。由于年龄和行走经验是混淆的，拟议的实验 采用受试者内、年龄保持不变的设计--所有14个月大的婴儿在行走时控制年龄 经验（0-4个月）自由变化。婴儿将在基线条件下进行测试（赤脚在平地上行走 人行道）和4种需要适应性的新条件-2种身体条件（在平坦的人行道上行走 穿着脚趾向上倾斜10°或向下倾斜10°的鞋）;以及2种环境条件（赤脚在 向上倾斜10°或向下倾斜10°的倾斜走道）。鞋的条件影响婴儿的平衡;斜坡条件 影响平衡推进力和刹车时空脚步测量，关节角度，步态中断将 描述婴儿如何改变他们的行走以科普新的挑战。 目的1测试婴儿在每种情况下是否表现出不同的行走模式，以及行走经验是否 与模式的类型和多样性有关。目标2评估以下条件之间的行走相似性： 每一个婴儿，并测试是否步行经验放大条件之间的相似性或不相似性。 这两个目标都利用了机器学习分析（密度峰值聚类和相似性矩阵）的力量， 充分表征婴儿在各种条件下的行走。受试者内、年龄保持不变的设计， 创新的人体环境测试条件和分析技术提供了长期的强有力的测试 目的：了解经验在婴儿运动技能适应性发展中的作用。结果 承诺告知早期干预措施，以支持儿童的运动发育。