Core B: Mouse Metabolism and Imaging

生物医学核心B(小鼠代谢)：综述 对肥胖、营养和新陈代谢的研究依赖于测量摄食模式、代谢率、 活动、身体成分和脂肪分布。模式生物是新陈代谢研究的中流砥柱， 肥胖及其后果。实验小鼠是最基本和最常见的研究动物模型 活体生理学和疾病病理生理学与加州大学旧金山分校NORC生物医学小鼠代谢核心 (CORE B)专门用于测量小鼠和小鼠的各种代谢参数 和人体组织，以及在培养的细胞中。通过研究老鼠获得的信息，老鼠通常是遗传的 通过使用核心C(遗传学和基因组学)进行修改，并结合流行病学进行检查 和在人类中进行的行为研究(核心A)，对于了解潜在的代谢机制是必不可少的 疾病风险，以及营养和药物方法改善肥胖的潜在有效性 及其后果。 在拟议的加州大学旧金山分校-NORC的58名调查人员中，有21人目前正在进行啮齿动物的研究 使用核心B中的设备类型和分析方法对模型进行监测。 NORC调查人员表示，他们的研究已经发展到了使用B核心设施的地步 迫在眉睫。负责运行Core B的专家紧跟这些应用程序的快速发展 先进的方法，并确保对NORC研究人员进行适当实施的培训。这个 设施的存在，以及为协助NORC进入而设计的NORC支持的可用性 研究人员进入技术不熟悉的领域，确保加州大学旧金山分校-NORC研究的成功。 核心B提供使用复杂方法和工具的途径、援助和培训 用于这些研究。具体地说，核心B提供了工具和设施，用于： 1.准确、实时地测量摄食、能量消耗、运动活动、呼吸 交换率和清醒小鼠的体温调节。 2.清醒小鼠的瘦体重、脂肪质量、游离水和全身水以及骨矿物质的分析 麻醉小鼠的密度和身体成分的其他方面。 3.使用海马FX24生物分析仪测量细胞能量，该生物分析仪测量氧气 24孔板中活细胞和组织的消耗速率(OCR)和胞外酸化率(ECAR) 格式化。OCR和ECAR是线粒体呼吸和糖酵解的关键指标，并提供了一个系统- 来自模型生物和人类的细胞和体外组织样本中细胞代谢功能的水平视图。 4.收集尿液和粪便及测量血压的设备。 5.啮齿动物孵化器，允许在寒冷的环境或温暖的中温条件下对小鼠进行研究。 6.灵知生物制剂服务。诺生菌技术使无菌动物的繁育和维护成为可能 不含任何相关微生物，包括细菌、古菌、微小真菌、寄生虫和 病毒。 最重要的是，Core B提供了非侵入性方法，允许随着时间的推移对老鼠进行跟踪。一种能力 在小鼠身上进行纵向研究对于追踪身体成分的变化尤为重要， 摄食行为和代谢活动，既触发和响应肥胖及其发展 相关并发症。总体而言，这一核心显著降低了帮助NORC的方法障碍 研究人员实现了一系列高度复杂的工具的有效和适当的应用。这些工具 加快在肥胖、营养、摄食行为和新陈代谢方面的各种不同和相互关联的研究。

Biomedical Core B (Mouse Metabolism): Summary The study of obesity, nutrition, and metabolism relies on methods to measure feeding patterns, metabolic rate, activity, body composition, and fat distribution. Model organisms are a mainstay in the study of metabolism, obesity, and its consequences. Laboratory mice are the most fundamental and common models for studying in vivo physiology and disease pathophysiology, and the UCSF NORC Biomedical Mouse Metabolism Core (Core B) is specifically geared to measure a wide variety of metabolic parameters in mice, as well as in mouse and human tissues, and in cultured cells. The information gained by studying mice, which are often genetically modified through use of Core C (Genetics and Genomics) and examined in conjunction with epidemiological and behavioral studies done in humans (Core A), is essential to understand mechanisms underlying metabolic disease risk, and the potential effectiveness of nutritional and pharmacologic approaches to ameliorate obesity and its consequences. 21 of the 58 investigators in the proposed UCSF-NORC currently conduct research studies in which rodent models are monitored using the types of equipment and analytical approaches housed in Core B. Another 4 NORC investigators indicate that their research has developed to a point where their use of facilities in Core B is imminent. Experts in charge of running Core B keep abreast of the rapidly evolving application of these sophisticated methods, and ensure that NORC researchers are trained in their proper implementation. The presence of the facilities, and the availability of NORC support that is designed to assist the entry of NORC researchers into technologically unfamiliar areas, ensure the success of UCSF-NORC research. Core B provides access to, assistance with, and training in the use of sophisticated methods and instruments for those studies. Specifically, Core B provides tools and facilities for: 1. Precise and real-time measurement of feeding, energy expenditure, locomotor activities, respiratory exchange ratio, and thermoregulation in conscious mice. 2. Analyzing lean mass, fat mass, free and total body water in conscious mice, as well as bone mineral density and other aspects of body composition in anesthetized mice. 3. Cellular energetic measurements using the Seahorse FX24 Bioanalyzer, which measures the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of live cells and tissues in a 24-well plate format. OCR and ECAR are key indicators of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, and provide a systems- level view of cellular metabolic function in cells and ex-vivo tissue samples from model organisms and humans. 4. Equipment for urine and fecal collection and blood pressure measurement. 5. Rodent incubators that allow for the study of mice under cold ambient or warm thermoneutral conditions. 6. Gnotobiotics service. Gnotobiotic technology enables breeding and maintenance of germ-free animals devoid of any associated microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, microscopic fungi, parasites, and viruses. Most importantly, Core B provides non-invasive methods that permit mice to be followed over time. The ability to conduct longitudinal studies in mice is particularly significant for tracking the changes in body composition, feeding behavior, and metabolic activity that both trigger and respond to the development of obesity and its associated complications. Overall, this Core significantly lowers the methodologic barriers to help NORC researchers achieve the efficient and proper application of a series of highly sophisticated tools. These tools accelerate a variety of diverse and interrelated studies in obesity, nutrition, ingestive behavior, and metabolism.