Core B: Mouse Metabolism and Imaging

生物医学核心B（小鼠代谢）：总结 肥胖、营养和代谢的研究依赖于测量喂养模式、代谢率、 活动、身体组成和脂肪分布。模式生物是新陈代谢研究的中流砥柱， 肥胖及其后果。实验小鼠是最基本和最常见的研究模型， 体内生理学和疾病病理生理学，以及UCSF NORC生物医学小鼠代谢核心 (Core B）特别适合于测量小鼠中以及小鼠中的多种代谢参数 和人体组织以及培养的细胞中。通过研究老鼠获得的信息，这些老鼠通常在基因上是 通过使用核心C（遗传学和基因组学）进行修改，并结合流行病学检查 在人类中进行的行为研究（核心A），对于理解代谢的潜在机制至关重要 疾病风险，以及营养和药理学方法改善肥胖的潜在有效性 及其后果 在拟议的UCSF-NORC的58名研究人员中，有21名目前正在进行研究， 使用核心B中的设备类型和分析方法监测模型。另外4 NORC调查人员指出，他们的研究已经发展到这样一个程度，即他们使用核心B中的设施， 迫在眉睫负责运行Core B的专家随时了解这些 这是一个复杂的方法，并确保NORC研究人员在其正确的实施培训。的 设施的存在，以及旨在帮助NORC进入的NORC支持的可用性 研究人员进入技术不熟悉的领域，确保UCSF-NORC研究的成功。 核心B提供获取先进方法和手段的途径、援助和培训 对于这些研究。具体来说，核心B提供以下工具和设施： 1.精确和实时测量摄食、能量消耗、运动活动、呼吸 交换率和体温调节。 2.分析清醒小鼠的瘦体重、脂肪量、游离水和全身水以及骨矿物质 密度和身体组成的其他方面。 3.使用Seahorse FX 24生物分析仪进行细胞能量测量， 24孔板中活细胞和组织的消耗率（OCR）和细胞外酸化率（ECAR） 格式. OCR和ECAR是线粒体呼吸和糖酵解的关键指标，并提供了一个系统- 来自模型生物体和人类的细胞和离体组织样品中细胞代谢功能的水平视图。 4.尿液和粪便收集及血压测量设备。 5.啮齿类动物培养箱，用于在寒冷环境或温暖的热中性条件下研究小鼠。 6. Gnotobiotics服务无菌生物技术使无菌动物的繁殖和维护成为可能 没有任何相关的微生物，包括细菌，古细菌，微观真菌，寄生虫， 病毒 最重要的是，核心B提供了非侵入性方法，允许随时间推移对小鼠进行随访。的能力 在小鼠中进行纵向研究对于跟踪身体组成的变化特别重要， 进食行为和代谢活动都触发和响应肥胖的发展， 相关并发症。总体而言，该核心显著降低了帮助NORC的方法障碍 研究人员实现了一系列高度复杂的工具的有效和适当的应用。这些工具 促进肥胖、营养、摄食行为和新陈代谢方面的各种不同和相互关联的研究。

Biomedical Core B (Mouse Metabolism): Summary The study of obesity, nutrition, and metabolism relies on methods to measure feeding patterns, metabolic rate, activity, body composition, and fat distribution. Model organisms are a mainstay in the study of metabolism, obesity, and its consequences. Laboratory mice are the most fundamental and common models for studying in vivo physiology and disease pathophysiology, and the UCSF NORC Biomedical Mouse Metabolism Core (Core B) is specifically geared to measure a wide variety of metabolic parameters in mice, as well as in mouse and human tissues, and in cultured cells. The information gained by studying mice, which are often genetically modified through use of Core C (Genetics and Genomics) and examined in conjunction with epidemiological and behavioral studies done in humans (Core A), is essential to understand mechanisms underlying metabolic disease risk, and the potential effectiveness of nutritional and pharmacologic approaches to ameliorate obesity and its consequences. 21 of the 58 investigators in the proposed UCSF-NORC currently conduct research studies in which rodent models are monitored using the types of equipment and analytical approaches housed in Core B. Another 4 NORC investigators indicate that their research has developed to a point where their use of facilities in Core B is imminent. Experts in charge of running Core B keep abreast of the rapidly evolving application of these sophisticated methods, and ensure that NORC researchers are trained in their proper implementation. The presence of the facilities, and the availability of NORC support that is designed to assist the entry of NORC researchers into technologically unfamiliar areas, ensure the success of UCSF-NORC research. Core B provides access to, assistance with, and training in the use of sophisticated methods and instruments for those studies. Specifically, Core B provides tools and facilities for: 1. Precise and real-time measurement of feeding, energy expenditure, locomotor activities, respiratory exchange ratio, and thermoregulation in conscious mice. 2. Analyzing lean mass, fat mass, free and total body water in conscious mice, as well as bone mineral density and other aspects of body composition in anesthetized mice. 3. Cellular energetic measurements using the Seahorse FX24 Bioanalyzer, which measures the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of live cells and tissues in a 24-well plate format. OCR and ECAR are key indicators of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, and provide a systems- level view of cellular metabolic function in cells and ex-vivo tissue samples from model organisms and humans. 4. Equipment for urine and fecal collection and blood pressure measurement. 5. Rodent incubators that allow for the study of mice under cold ambient or warm thermoneutral conditions. 6. Gnotobiotics service. Gnotobiotic technology enables breeding and maintenance of germ-free animals devoid of any associated microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, microscopic fungi, parasites, and viruses. Most importantly, Core B provides non-invasive methods that permit mice to be followed over time. The ability to conduct longitudinal studies in mice is particularly significant for tracking the changes in body composition, feeding behavior, and metabolic activity that both trigger and respond to the development of obesity and its associated complications. Overall, this Core significantly lowers the methodologic barriers to help NORC researchers achieve the efficient and proper application of a series of highly sophisticated tools. These tools accelerate a variety of diverse and interrelated studies in obesity, nutrition, ingestive behavior, and metabolism.