Admin Supplement (Lashaka Jones): Cortical Mechanisms Supporting Auditory Perceptual Learning

管理补充（Lashaka Jones）：支持听觉感知学习的皮质机制

• 批准号: 10223553
• 负责人: Melissa Lynne Caras
• 金额: $ 8.59万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10223553
• 关键词: Address; Anatomy; Animals; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain region; Clinical Treatment; Complex; Detection; Development; Gerbils; Goals; Hearing; Jird; Language; Language Development; Language Disorders; Lead; Learning; Mediating; Memory; Monitor; Music; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perception; Perceptual learning; Play; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Role; Speech; Training; Treatment Protocols; Wireless Technology; base; clinical development; extracellular; hearing impairment; improved; neuromechanism; normal hearing; optogenetics; response; skills; sound

Summary The ability to improve our perceptual skills- to get better with practice- is critical for the acquisition of many complex behaviors, including speech and language. Despite its importance, our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this process, known as perceptual learning, remains limited. Recent evidence suggests that training-based plasticity occurs in the top-down networks that modulate auditory cortical activity during task engagement, likely playing an important role in generating long-term improvements in sound encoding and perception. The goal of this project is to explore this hypothesis, specifically focusing on one candidate brain region- the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). First, to establish the anatomical substrate of this modulation, direct and indirect pathways from OFC to ACx will be characterized in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) using anatomical tract tracing. Second, to determine the temporal dynamics of top- down activity during perceptual learning, multichannel extracellular recordings will be acquired wirelessly from OFC as animals train and improve on an auditory detection task. Third, to determine whether OFC-mediated modulation of auditory cortical activity plays a causal role in perceptual learning, optogenetics will be used to manipulate OFC activity while simultaneously monitoring auditory cortical response properties and behavioral output. This line of inquiry is well positioned to answer fundamental questions in the fields of auditory learning and memory, and holds the potential to inform the development of clinical treatments to improve perceptual skills in patients with hearing, speech, or language deficits.

总结 提高我们的感知技能的能力--通过练习变得更好--对于获得 包括言语和语言在内的许多复杂行为。尽管它的重要性，我们 了解这一过程（称为感知学习）背后的神经机制， 仍然有限。最近的证据表明，基于训练的可塑性发生在自上而下的 在任务参与过程中调节听觉皮层活动的网络，可能会发挥作用， 在长期改善声音编码和感知方面发挥重要作用。目标 这个项目的目的是探索这一假设，特别关注一个候选大脑区域- 眶额皮质（orbitofrontal cortex，OFC）首先，为了建立这种调制的解剖学基础，直接 OFC到ACx的间接途径将在蒙古沙鼠（Meriones 有爪的）。第二，确定顶部的时间动态- 在知觉学习期间，多通道细胞外记录将被采集 当动物训练和提高听觉检测任务时，三是 确定OFC介导的听觉皮层活动调制是否在以下方面起因果作用： 知觉学习，光遗传学将用于操纵OFC活动，同时 监测听觉皮层反应特性和行为输出。这条线索很好 定位于回答听觉学习和记忆领域的基本问题， 有可能为临床治疗的发展提供信息，以提高 听力、言语或语言缺陷的患者。