Characterization of 3D kinematics and EMG and related information in neural activities recorded from the orofacial motor cortex during feeding in rats - Revision - 1

项目摘要（来自父R 03） 由于口面部或中枢神经系统损伤或疾病而导致的咀嚼和吞咽障碍是一个全球性的健康问题， 这些问题可能会影响生活质量，甚至危及生命。目前这种损伤的康复情况 在很大程度上忽视了肢体运动控制神经康复的最新进展，这可能解释了为什么 许多患者不能恢复正常的咀嚼和吞咽。口腔初级运动皮层（oM 1）是主要的运动皮层。 与产生和控制口面部运动有关的大脑区域。然而，详细的基线3D 运动学和肌电图（EMG）活动的呼吸消化和颅面结构作为一个整体， 与病理学案例相比是缺乏的。局域场调制的详细表征 潜力（LFPs）的gape类型仍然不清楚。此外，详细的运动学和EMG编码在单一的 尚未执行任何口面行为的单位尖峰活动。最后，LFP与 除了β振荡和舌肌之外，还没有探索肌肉活动。为了填补这一 知识的差距，我们的具体目标是：目的1：表征和量化三维运动学的呼吸消化道 以及清醒大鼠自然进食时的颅面结构和颌舌肌电活动。我们 将利用我们在3D高速视频透视和长期植入方面的专业知识 颌舌肌电电极我们将：（a）描述间隙循环类型（例如，咀嚼、吞咽） 进食以及在每个周期类型下如何对会厌和声带打开/关闭定时;以及（B）执行 对运动学和肌电图进行降维技术，以获得一组主要运动， 每个周期类型的EMG活动和周期类型之间的转换。目的2：将下颌/舌肌电（EMG） 和三维运动学的呼吸消化和颅面结构，同时记录神经 活动的多个oM 1网站和层清醒大鼠，并测试是否和如何oM 1神经活动 特性与舌和颌EMG以及呼吸消化和颅面的3D运动学有关 在喂食过程中。我们将利用我们记录的长期植入微电极的专业知识 水平和垂直跨越oM 1层2/3（主要是皮质-皮质投射）和5/6的阵列 （主要是产出预测）。然后，我们将：（a）描述LFP配置文件如何与间隙周期类型相关 以及它们之间的过渡;（B）表征运动学和EMG活动如何在单个 oM 1的单位尖峰活动;和（c）表征oM 1 LFP和 每种张口类型的颌/舌EMG活动。该提案将定义一个新的3D运动学特征， 进食过程中的呼吸消化和颅面结构以及新的oM 1神经机制 LFP对张口周期的调制以及运动学和EMG的单个单位尖峰活动编码， 层次。需要更好地了解这些机制，以改进预防和管理 口腔损伤导致的运动功能受损，可能是通过靶向oM 1神经过程。

Project Summary (from parent R03) Impaired chewing and swallowing as a result of orofacial or CNS injury or disease is a worldwide health problem that can impact quality of life and even be life-threatening. Current rehabilitation of such impairments has largely overlooked recent advances in neurorehabilitation of limb motor control, which may explain why many patients cannot regain normal chewing and swallowing. The oral primary motor cortex (oM1) is the main brain region involved in the generation and control of orofacial movements. However, detailed baseline 3D kinematics and electromyography (EMG) activity of aerodigestive and craniofacial structure as a whole which is to be compared to the pathological cases is lacking. Detailed characterization of modulations of local field potentials (LFPs) to gape types remains unclear. Furthermore, detailed kinematic and EMG encoding in single unit spiking activities for any orofacial behavior has not been performed. Lastly, relation between LFPs and muscle activities has not been explored except for beta oscillation and tongue muscles. Thus, to fill this knowledge gap, our specific aims are: AIM 1: To characterize and quantify 3D kinematics of aerodigestive and craniofacial structures and jaw and tongue EMG activities during natural feeding in awake rats. We will utilize our documented expertise with 3D high-speed videofluoroscopy and chronically implanted jaw/tongue EMG electrodes. We will: (a) characterize gape cycle types (e.g., chewing, swallowing) during feeding and how epiglottal and vocal fold open/closure are timed at each of the cycle types; and (b) perform dimension reduction techniques on both kinematics and EMGs to obtain a set of principal movements and EMG activities for each cycle type and transitions between cycle type. AIM 2: To relate the jaw/tongue EMG and 3D kinematics of aerodigestive and craniofacial structures to simultaneously record neural activities within multiple oM1 sites and layers in awake rats, and test if and how oM1 neural activity properties are related to tongue and jaw EMG and 3D kinematics of aerodigestive and craniofacial structures during feeding. We will utilize our documented expertise with chronically implanted microelectrode arrays that span horizontally and vertically into oM1 layers 2/3 (mainly cortico-cortico projections) and 5/6 (mainly output projections). We will then: (a) characterize how LFP profiles are related to types of gape cycles and their transitions between them; (b) characterize how kinematic- and EMG activities are encoded in single unit spiking activity of oM1; and (c) characterize cortico-muscular coherence between oM1 LFPs and jaw/tongue EMG activities for each gape type. This proposal will define a new 3D kinematic characterization of aerodigestive and craniofacial structures during feeding and novel oM1 neural mechanisms in terms of modulations of LFPs to gape cycles and single unit spiking activity encoding of kinematics and EMG based on layers. Better understanding of such mechanisms is needed to develop improved prevention and management of impaired motor functions resulting from oral injury, possibly by targeting oM1 neural processes.