Children of Immigrants Health Study (CIHS): An Evaluation of City and County Policies Affecting the Health of Children of Immigrants in the 2005-2019 National Health Interview Survey.

项目概要/摘要 在过去的十年里，多达100万美国公民的孩子经历了父母被驱逐出境的创伤。 和家庭分离，另有400万名父母无证的儿童面临父母分离的风险。 驱逐出境这些儿童由于其父母的无证身份而经历极端的困境。这 逆境将在整个生命过程中转化为更糟糕的健康，教育和经济成果。移民 执法--逮捕、拘留和驱逐来自美国的移民--加剧了这些问题 健康风险。扩大移民权利和获得服务和物质资源的地方政策 （移民融合政策），限制地方政府官员参与移民执法 （庇护政策）可以成为促进这些儿童健康的重要工具。几乎没有证据表明 这些政策的有效性。本研究的主要目的是评估当地的庇护和融合是否 政策改善了移民父母子女的医疗保健机会、身体健康和心理健康。一 这项研究的方法创新是使用一个新的全面的，纵向的，全国性的数据库， 州、县和市的庇护和融合政策，由研究小组汇编。此数据库 将与2005-2019年国民健康访谈调查的全国代表性样本合并 包括大约35,000名美国出生的儿童，他们的父母可能是来自墨西哥的无证非公民， 萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯。本研究将使用严格的准实验方法来测试 以下假设：1）庇护和融合政策的通过与更高的健康水平有关 保险覆盖面，更好地获得预防性医疗和牙科护理，减少情绪困难，更好地 父母评定的健康，以及可能无证父母的儿童的残疾率较低[具体目标1]。 2)生活在有庇护和融合政策的司法管辖区的儿童不会受到 与生活在没有此类政策的司法管辖区的儿童相比，移民执法[具体目标2]。第一、 本研究将使用差异中差异设计来检查这些结果是否会改善， 司法管辖区通过庇护和融合政策。接下来，将进行适度分析， 移民执法对健康的影响是否在有和没有避难所的司法管辖区之间存在差异， 融合政策。这项研究将产生严格的转化研究，这将有助于政策制定者， 从业人员和移民服务组织选择有效的政策，以促进健康公平， 移民家庭。这将是第一项研究，以审查县和市的政策， 扩大移民权利，限制地方参与移民执法。这项研究也将是第一个 研究移民政策在多个层面如何与移民执法相互作用，以影响健康。

Project Summary/Abstract Over the past decade, up to 1,000,000 US citizen children have experienced the trauma of parental deportation and family separation, and an additional 4,000,000 children with undocumented parents face the risk of parental deportation. These children experience extreme adversity as a result of their parents’ undocumented status. This adversity will translate to worse health, educational, and economic outcomes across the life course. Immigration enforcement—the arrest, detention, and deportation of immigrants from the United States—exacerbates these health risks. Local policies that expand immigrants’ rights and access to services and material resources (immigrant integration policies) and that limit local government officials’ involvement in immigration enforcement (sanctuary policies) could be important tools for promoting health for these children. Little evidence exists for the effectiveness of these policies. The main goal of this study is to evaluate whether local sanctuary and integration policies improve health care access, physical health, and mental health for children with immigrant parents. A methodological innovation of this study is the use of a new comprehensive, longitudinal, nationwide database of state, county, and municipal sanctuary and integration policies, compiled by the research team. This database will be merged with a nationally-representative sample from the 2005–2019 National Health Interview Survey consisting of approximately 35,000 US-born children with likely-undocumented, noncitizen parents from Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. This study will use rigorous quasi-experimental methods to test the following hypotheses: 1) Passage of sanctuary and integration policies is associated with higher levels of health insurance coverage, better access to preventive medical and dental care, fewer emotional difficulties, better parent-rated health, and lower rates of disability for children with likely-undocumented parents [Specific Aim 1]. 2) Children living in jurisdictions with sanctuary and integration policies will not be as negatively impacted by immigration enforcement, compared to children living in jurisdictions without such policies [Specific Aim 2]. First, this study will use a difference-in-differences design to examine whether these outcomes improve when jurisdictions pass sanctuary and integration policies. Next, a moderation analysis will be conducted to examine whether the health impacts of immigration enforcement vary across jurisdictions with and without sanctuary and integration policies. This study will produce rigorous translational research that will help policymakers, practitioners, and immigrant-serving organizations choose effective policies to promote health equity for immigrant families. This will be the first study to examine the health impacts of county and municipal policies that expand immigrants’ rights and limit local involvement in immigration enforcement. This study will also be the first to examine how immigrant policies at multiple levels interact with immigration enforcement to impact health.