Dual-Process Models of Alcohol Use in Late Adolescence

青春期后期饮酒的双过程模型

• 批准号: 10227450
• 负责人: Hector Ismael Lopez-Vergara
• 金额: $ 19.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-10 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10227450
• 关键词: 20 year old; Accounting; Adolescence; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Applications Grants; Attenuated; Cannabis; Clinical; Data Collection; Development; Drug usage; Etiology; Female; Frequencies; Funding; Future; Goals; Grant; Heterogeneity; Hypersensitivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Investigation; Lead; Longevity; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methodology; Middle School Student; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Motivation; Movement; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Negative Valence; Nomenclature; Online Systems; Participant; Pathologic; Pathway interactions; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Positive Valence; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Psychopathology; Punishment; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Schedule; Short-Term Memory; Specificity; Structure; Survey Methodology; Symptoms; System; Testing; Training; Youth; addiction; alcohol comorbidity; alcohol involvement; alcohol risk; alcohol use initiation; base; career; cognitive control; comorbidity; design; drinking; executive function; high risk drinking; high school; improved; insight; marijuana use; marijuana use disorder; mortality; prospective; prospective test; public health relevance; societal costs; tool; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Development Award (K08) will enable the applicant to develop expertise designing and implementing studies using performance-based tasks as a methodological tool for investigating etiological processes that are not easily accessible via introspection. Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in adolescence, with higher levels of drinking being robustly associated with cannabis use (the second most used drug) and externalizing and internalizing problems. Dual-process models explain heterogeneity and co-morbidity of alcohol use by postulating individual differences in motivation and cognitive control as risk factors for problematic drinking Different theoretical perspectives have emerged; some construe motivation as individual differences in reinforcement sensitivity, others as drug-specific memory associations. Motivational and cognitive control risk factors have been shown to predict externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, and hence dual-process models can elucidate who is at risk for drinking, and why drinking frequently co-occurs with other drug use and externalizing/internalizing problems. This project will be the first to concurrently test alternatie conceptualizations of motivation in dual-process models, and to examine the multi- dimensional structure of cognitive control in dual-process models. A better understanding of specific mechanisms in the development of drinking can inform our theoretical understanding of addictions, and potentially lead to interventions that target idiosyncratic etiological mechanisms. Training involves original data collection; 150 18-20 year olds are proposed to be sampled from a larger NIAAA funded project examining the development of drinking milestones. A battery of performance-based tasks will be administered to the sub- sample upon completion of participation in the larger study; tasks will measure different facets of motivation (reinforcement sensitivity, drug specific memory associations) and cognitive control (set-shifting, inhibition, working memory capacity). Web-based survey methods will be used to provide a short-term prospective test of dual-process models as applied to: alcohol and cannabis use/problem use, and symptoms of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. The association of alcohol involvement with cannabis use, and externalizing and internalizing symptoms is expected to be attenuated after accounting for shared etiological mechanisms. This research will lead to subsequent R01 grant applications involving: 1) different pathways to the initiation of drinking, 2 the emergence of alcohol and cannabis use disorders in late-adolescence/young adulthood, and 3) transdiagnostic etiological models of alcoholism and psychopathology. This K08 will train the applicant for an independent research career in the field of addictions by expanding the breadth and depth of my programmatic line of research.

 描述（由申请人提供）：该指导临床科学家研究开发奖（K08）将使申请人能够利用基于绩效的任务作为方法工具来开发设计和实施研究的专业知识，以调查通过内省不易获得的病因过程。酒精是青春期最常用的药物，较高的饮酒水平与大麻（第二大使用药物）的使用以及外化和内化问题密切相关。双过程模型通过假设动机和认知控制的个体差异作为饮酒问题的危险因素来解释饮酒的异质性和共病性。已经出现了不同的理论观点；有些人将动机解释为强化敏感性的个体差异，另一些人则将动机解释为药物特异性记忆关联。动机和认知控制风险因素已被证明可以预测外化和内化精神病理学，因此双过程模型可以阐明谁有饮酒风险，以及为什么饮酒经常与其他药物使用和外化/内化问题同时发生。该项目将是第一个同时测试双过程模型中动机的替代概念化的项目，并检查双过程模型中认知控制的多维结构。更好地了解饮酒发展的具体机制可以为我们对成瘾的理论理解提供帮助，并有可能导致针对特殊病因机制的干预措施。 训练涉及原始数据收集；建议从 NIAAA 资助的一个大型项目中抽取 150 名 18-20 岁的人，该项目检查饮酒里程碑的发展情况。在完成较大研究的参与后，将向子样本执行一系列基于表现的任务；任务将衡量动机的不同方面（强化 敏感性、药物特异性记忆关联）和认知控制（设定转移、抑制、工作记忆能力）。基于网络的调查方法将用于提供双过程模型的短期前瞻性测试，该模型适用于：酒精和大麻的使用/问题使用，以及外化和内化精神病理学的症状。在考虑了共同的病因机制后，预计酒精与大麻使用以及外化和内化症状之间的关联将会减弱。这项研究将导致后续的 R01 拨款申请，涉及：1）开始饮酒的不同途径，2 青春期后期/青年期酒精和大麻使用障碍的出现，以及 3）酒精中毒和精神病理学的跨诊断病因学模型。 K08 将通过扩展我的计划性研究路线的广度和深度来培训申请人在成瘾领域的独立研究生涯。