From Social Networks to Neural Networks: Investigating the Neural Basis of Real-Life Social Relationships

从社交网络到神经网络：研究现实生活中社会关系的神经基础

• 批准号: 10402781
• 负责人: Michael Moshe Yartsev
• 金额: $ 38.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-07 至 2026-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10402781
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Calcium; Chiroptera; Chronic stress; Clinical; Communication; Complex; Data; Development; Disabled Persons; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Flying body movement; Fruit; Functional disorder; Future; Human; Image; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Life; Light; Mammals; Measurement; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Monitor; Nature; Nervous system structure; Neurobiology; Neurons; Participant; Patients; Personality Traits; Population; Research; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Behavior; Social Conditions; Social Distance; Social Interaction; Social Network; Social support; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Translating; autism spectrum disorder; behavior measurement; cingulate cortex; design; experimental study; flexibility; improved; individual variation; insight; member; millisecond; neural circuit; neural network; neurobiological mechanism; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; novel strategies; optogenetics; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; severe mental illness; social; social attachment; social communication; social group; social influence; social relationships; social structure; tool; wireless

PROJECT SUMMARY Social relationships develop between individuals with a social network. Difficulties in mediating social relationships with other individuals is strongly associated with severe mental disorders ranging from depression, chronic stress, autism and other. Thus, understanding the neural underpinning of social relationships is paramount. To gain insight that would inform of real-life behavior, I propose to study the nervous system under real-life conditions in which social interactions in humans and animals typically occur. In particular, I focus on the fact that social interactions typically involve multiple participants, employ the usage of a flexible repertoire of communication signals, and occur between individuals of varying social bonds and personality traits. Furthermore, social relationships evolve over prolonged periods of time in a dynamic fashion. In this proposal we focus on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We do so because activity in this area has previously been strongly associated with social behaviors across a wide range of mammalian species, including humans. However, much less is known about the neural computations in the ACC with respect to social relationships, especially during real-life and multi-dimensional social conditions. To do so, we use the Egyptian fruit bat, a highly social, long-lived mammal that is accustom to group living and where individuals engage in relationships that extend over many months/years. We further develop advanced behavioral measurements that allow us to monitor the social interactions of individuals within our colonies continuously and characterize their social relationships between group members. To study the neural circuits that underlie social relationships we develop wireless neurophysiological tools that enable monitoring neural activity from entire colonies of bats simultaneously at cellular and millisecond resolutions (electrophysiology) and over prolonged periods of time (calcium imaging). This novel approach allows us to consider the true complexity of real-life social interactions and consider the social bonds between the individuals, the dynamic structure of the social relationships as well as the individual variability in personality traits. Specifically, we aim to achieve the following aims: (1) We start by describing the basic neural dynamics in the ACC during semi-natural, dyadic, social interactions and communication. (2) We next describe the ACC neural dynamics during interaction occurring within real-life, stable, social networks while considering the relationships between individuals (3) We describe the evolution of ACC neural dynamic in parallel to the dynamical changes that occur in real-life social networks. (4) We use optogenetics tools to disrupt neural activity in the ACC during group social interactions in order to assess its causal role in real-life social relationships with other individuals. Combined, these experiments will provide a detailed description of ACC neural computations underlying the mediation of social relationships within a social network. In doing so, we aim for these results to provide important insight that could be used in clinical future application in patients.

项目摘要 社会关系在具有社会网络的个体之间发展。调解社会问题的困难 与其他人的关系与严重的精神障碍密切相关， 抑郁症，慢性压力，自闭症和其他。因此，理解社交的神经基础 关系是最重要的。为了深入了解现实生活中的行为，我建议研究 在人类和动物通常发生社会互动的现实生活条件下的神经系统。在 特别是，我专注于这样一个事实，即社会互动通常涉及多个参与者，使用 一个灵活的通信信号库，并发生在不同社会关系的个体之间， 性格特征此外，社会关系在很长一段时间内以动态的方式演变。 在这个建议中，我们专注于前扣带皮层（ACC）。我们这样做是因为这一领域的活动 以前与广泛的哺乳动物物种的社会行为密切相关， 包括人类然而，关于ACC中的神经计算， 社会关系，特别是在现实生活和多维社会条件下。为此，我们使用 埃及果蝠，一种高度社会化，长寿的哺乳动物，习惯于群体生活， 参与持续数月/数年的关系。我们进一步开发先进的行为 这些测量使我们能够持续监测殖民地内个体的社会互动， 并描述他们在群体成员之间的社会关系。来研究大脑的神经回路 我们开发了无线神经生理学工具，能够监测来自 整个蝙蝠群体同时在细胞和毫秒分辨率（电生理学）和以上 时间延长（钙成像）。这种新颖的方法使我们能够考虑真正的复杂性 现实生活中的社会互动，并考虑个人之间的社会纽带， 社会关系以及个性特征的个体差异。具体而言，我们的目标是实现 以下目标：（1）我们首先描述在半自然，二进， 社会互动和沟通。(2)接下来，我们描述了在相互作用期间ACC神经动力学 发生在现实生活中，稳定的，社交网络，同时考虑个人之间的关系（3）我们 描述ACC神经动力学的演变与现实生活中发生的动态变化并行， 网络. (4)我们使用光遗传学工具来破坏ACC在群体社交互动中的神经活动， 以评估其在现实生活中与其他个体的社会关系中的因果作用。结合起来，这些 实验将提供一个详细的描述ACC神经计算的中介社会 社交网络中的关系。在这样做的过程中，我们的目标是这些结果提供重要的见解， 可用于未来患者的临床应用。