The relationship between language and executive function in DLD and FXS over time

项目概要/摘要 儿童语言障碍对社会交往、学术和心理健康有着持续的、终身的影响。 性能和适应性行为。两个临床组特别受到语言障碍的影响 包括发育性语言障碍（DLD）和脆性X综合征（FXS）。DLD影响7 - 13%的学校- 年龄的儿童，其特点是普遍的损害，在语法系统的情况下， 智力残疾。脆性X染色体是最常见的遗传性智力残疾和男性FXS 有严重的语言障碍。值得注意的是，在语言表型上有显著的重叠 DLD和FXS之间的差异。考虑到总体上的差异， 认知能力重要的是，关于语法上的重叠和区别， 两种疾病之间的联系。此外，尽管这两个临床组具有非常不同的 除了智商方面的认知概况外，认知的其他方面也有重叠，即执行功能。 鉴于执行功能和语言技能之间存在关系的证据， 然而，在典型的发育过程中以及患有DLD的儿童中，FXS中不存在这项工作。 已知病因（FXS）和未知病因（DLD）疾病之间的比较研究有可能 为理论和临床实践提供信息。因此，拟议的研究有三个具体目标， 系统地研究语言方面的重叠和区别，重点是语法 DLD和FXS儿童的产生和理解以及与执行功能的关系 发展框架。通过仔细的调查，我们将能够确定 语法理解和生产的轨迹，除了DLD，FXS和语言的EF技能 具有典型发展的儿童组。我们将招募DLD儿童（n = 40）， FXS组（n = 40）和典型发育组（n = 60）。子项将在子句长度上与 确保相似的语言能力。拟议的研究将包括一系列标准化评估， 语言样本、实验任务和父母报告在两个时间点采取的措施，以跟踪 在这个语法发展的关键时期的成长和变化。这项研究将产生关键的 有关儿童对语法的理解、随时间的变化、最佳评估方法的信息，以及 关于执行功能和语法发展之间关系的重要信息。数据 本研究中收集的信息将用于为治疗研究提供信息， 在针对性干预研究中，DLD和FXS的语言学习效果。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Language impairments in children have a persistent, lifelong impact on social communication, academic performance, and adaptive behaviors. Two clinical groups particularly impacted by language impairments include developmental language disorder (DLD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS). DLD affects 7-13% of school- age children, and is characterized by pervasive impairments in the grammatical system in the absence of an intellectual disability. Fragile X is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and males with FXS have significant language impairments. Notably, there is a significant overlap in the language phenotype between DLD and FXS, in terms of grammatical production. This is striking given the difference in general cognitive abilities. Importantly, nothing is known regarding areas of overlap and distinction in grammatical comprehension between the two disorders. Additionally, although these two clinical groups have very different cognitive profiles in terms of IQ, there are overlaps in other aspects of cognition, namely executive function. This is particularly interesting, given evidence of a relationship between executive function and language skills during typical development as well as in children with DLD, however, this work is nonexistent in FXS. Comparative studies between disorders with known (FXS) and unknown (DLD) etiology have the potential to inform both theory and clinical practice. Thus, the proposed study has three specific aims designed to systematically investigate areas of overlap and distinction in terms of language with a focus on grammatical production and comprehension and the association with executive function in children with DLD and FXS in a developmental framework. Through careful investigations we will be able to determine the developmental trajectories of grammatical comprehension and production in addition to EF skills in DLD, FXS, and a language matched group of children with typical development. We will recruit children with DLD (n = 40), children with FXS (n = 40), and children with typical development (n = 60). Children will be matched on clause length to ensure similar language abilities. The proposed study will include a combination of standardized assessments, language samples, experimental tasks, and parent report measures taken at two time points in order to track growth and change during this critical period for grammatical development. The proposed study will yield key information regarding children's comprehension of grammar, change over time, best assessment methods, and critical information on the relationships between executive function and grammatical development. The data collected in this study will be used to inform treatment studies designed to maximize both the effectiveness and efficacy of language learning in DLD and FXS in targeted intervention studies.