The role of personality in cognitive aging and dementia

受资助的PAGNET项目总结/摘要：R 01 AG 060933 痴呆症是美国第五大最常见的死亡原因。性格特征，特别是 神经质和外倾性与认知能力下降和老年痴呆症等有关 疾病及相关病症（ADRD）。长期目标是更好地理解为什么人格是如此的重要。 是认知能力下降和痴呆症的有力预测指标。本R 01的总体目标是理清 人格改变作为痴呆症的指标，从人格作为认知之前的风险因素 下降本R 01建议增加一项受资助的认知能力下降的前瞻性纵向研究， 通过评估情感、消极思想和社会互动形式的人格标志物来评估痴呆症 日常生活模式，而不是仅仅依赖于广泛的人格特征调查。核心假设是 这种新的方法将使我们能够消除人格变化作为指标的作用， 个性差异是危险因素。拟议研究的理由是，目前的方法 测量太少，在检测人格变化方面延迟，并且太广泛，无法识别 具体的，潜在的可改变的行为，思想和情绪模式，造成下降的风险， 痴呆在初步测量工作的指导下，我们将测试神经质的日常标记， 外向性与常用的特质测量。从这一假设延伸出的具体目标包括：1） 测试日常情绪、思想和行为映射到神经质特质的预测， 外倾性，2）测试神经质和外倾性的日常标记更敏感的预测 在检测人格变化方面，特质指标优于特质指标; 3）检验特质指标和日常生活指标的预测， 人格的测量将预测随后的认知能力下降，但日常的标记将确定 具体的情绪，思想和行为模式，可能适合干预。该方法是 创新，在申请人看来，因为它测试了与人格相关的基于理论的预测， 认知衰退和痴呆，利用大型前瞻性纵向样本，并测试一种新的 测量方法与标准方法。这项研究之所以重要，是因为 预计将促进和扩大对人格与认知能力下降和ADRD相关的理解。等 知识有可能将干预措施导向与风险最相关的具体目标， 认知障碍的日常指标。

FUNDED PARENT PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: R01AG060933 Dementia is the fifth most common cause of death in the United States. Personality traits, specifically Neuroticism and Extraversion, are implicated in cognitive decline and forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD). The long-term goal is to better understand why personality is such a strong predictor of cognitive decline and dementia. The overall objective in this R01 is to disentangle the role of personality change as an indicator of dementia from personality as a risk factor that precedes cognitive decline. This R01 proposes to augment a funded prospective longitudinal study of cognitive decline and dementia by assessing markers of personality in the form of emotion, negative thought, and social interaction patterns in daily life rather than relying solely on broad surveys of personality traits. The central hypothesis is that this novel approach will allow us to disambiguate the role of personality change as an indicator from personality differences as risk factors. The rationale for the proposed research is that current approaches measure too infrequently, are delayed in detecting personality change, and are too broad to identify the specific, potentially modifiable behavioral, thought, and emotional patterns that pose risks for decline and dementia. Guided by preliminary measurement work, we will test everyday markers of Neuroticism and Extraversion alongside commonly used trait measures. Specific aims extended from this hypothesis include: 1) Test the prediction that everyday emotions, thoughts, and behaviors map onto trait Neuroticism and Extraversion, 2) Test the prediction that everyday markers of Neuroticism and Extraversion are more sensitive than trait measures in detecting personality change, and 3) Test the prediction that both trait and everyday measures of personality will predict subsequent cognitive decline but that everyday markers will identify specific emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns which may be amenable to intervention. The approach is innovative, in the applicant’s opinion, because it tests theory-based predictions related to personality and cognitive decline and dementia, leverages a large prospective longitudinal sample, and tests a novel measurement approach against standard methods. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to advance and expand understanding of personality as related to cognitive decline and ADRD. Such knowledge has the potential to direct interventions to specific targets most associated with risk and identify everyday indicators of cognitive impairment.