The role of personality in cognitive aging and dementia

项目摘要/摘要 痴呆症是美国第五大最常见的死亡原因。个性特征，特别是 神经质和外向与认知功能减退和阿尔茨海默氏症等痴呆症有关 疾病及相关障碍(ADRD)。我们的长期目标是更好地理解为什么个性是如此 强烈预示着认知能力下降和痴呆症。本R01的总体目标是理清 人格变化是痴呆症的指标，而人格是认知能力之前的危险因素 拒绝。这份R01报告建议增加一项由基金资助的关于认知下降和 通过评估情绪、消极思维和社会互动形式的人格标志来患痴呆症 在日常生活中的模式，而不是仅仅依赖广泛的人格特征调查。中心假设是 这一新的方法将使我们能够澄清人格变化作为一种指标的作用 人格差异作为危险因素。提出这项研究的理由是，目前的方法 测量不频繁，在检测个性变化方面延迟，并且范围太广，无法识别具体的， 潜在的可改变的行为、思维和情绪模式，会带来衰退和痴呆的风险。 在前期测量工作的指导下，我们将测试神经质和外倾性的日常指标 以及常用的性状指标。从这一假设延伸出来的具体目标包括：1)测试 预测日常情绪、思想和行为与特质神经质和外向有关，2) 测试神经质和外向的日常指标比特质更敏感的预测 检测人格变化的测量，以及3)检验人格特质和日常测量的预测 个性会预测随后的认知衰退，但日常生活中的标记物会识别特定的情绪， 思想和行为模式，这可能是受干预的。这种方法是创新的，在 申请人的意见，因为它测试了基于理论的预测与人格和认知能力下降 痴呆症，利用一个大的前瞻性纵向样本，并测试一种新的测量方法 标准方法。这项拟议的研究具有重要意义，因为它有望推进和扩大 对人格的理解与认知衰退和ADRD有关。这样的知识有可能 直接干预与风险最相关的特定目标，并确定日常认知指标 减损。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Dementia is the fifth most common cause of death in the United States. Personality traits, specifically Neuroticism and Extraversion, are implicated in cognitive decline and forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD). The long-term goal is to better understand why personality is such a strong predictor of cognitive decline and dementia. The overall objective in this R01 is to disentangle the role of personality change as an indicator of dementia from personality as a risk factor that precedes cognitive decline. This R01 proposes to augment a funded prospective longitudinal study of cognitive decline and dementia by assessing markers of personality in the form of emotion, negative thought, and social interaction patterns in daily life rather than relying solely on broad surveys of personality traits. The central hypothesis is that this novel approach will allow us to disambiguate the role of personality change as an indicator from personality differences as risk factors. The rationale for the proposed research is that current approaches measure to infrequently, are delayed in detecting personality change, and are too broad to identify the specific, potentially modifiable behavioral, thought, and emotional patterns that pose risks for decline and dementia. Guided by preliminary measurement work, we will test everyday markers of Neuroticism and Extraversion alongside commonly used trait measures. Specific aims extended from this hypothesis include: 1) Test the prediction that everyday emotions, thoughts, and behaviors map onto trait Neuroticism and Extraversion, 2) Test the prediction that everyday markers of Neuroticism and Extraversion are more sensitive than trait measures in detecting personality change, and 3) Test the prediction that both trait and everyday measures of personality will predict subsequent cognitive decline but that everyday markers will identify specific emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns which may be amenable to intervention. The approach is innovative, in the applicant’s opinion, because it tests theory-based predictions related to personality and cognitive decline and dementia, leverages a large prospective longitudinal sample, and tests a novel measurement approach against standard methods. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to advance and expand understanding of personality is related to cognitive decline and ADRD. Such knowledge has the potential to direct interventions to specific targets most associated with risk and identify everyday indicators of cognitive impairment.