The role of personality in cognitive aging and dementia

项目总结/摘要 痴呆症是美国第五大最常见的死亡原因。性格特征，特别是 神经质和外倾性与认知能力下降和老年痴呆症等有关 疾病及相关病症（ADRD）。长期目标是更好地理解为什么人格是如此的重要。 是认知能力下降和痴呆症的有力预测指标。本R 01的总体目标是理清 人格改变作为痴呆症的指标，从人格作为认知之前的风险因素 下降本R 01建议增加一项受资助的认知能力下降的前瞻性纵向研究， 通过评估情感、消极思想和社会互动形式的人格标志物来评估痴呆症 日常生活模式，而不是仅仅依赖于广泛的人格特征调查。核心假设是 这种新的方法将使我们能够消除人格变化作为指标的作用， 个性差异是危险因素。拟议研究的理由是，目前的方法 测量不频繁，在检测人格变化方面延迟，并且过于宽泛，无法识别具体的， 潜在的可改变的行为，思想和情绪模式，造成衰退和痴呆的风险。 在初步测量工作的指导下，我们将测试神经质和外向性的日常标记 以及常用的特质测量。从这一假设延伸的具体目标包括：1）测试 预测日常情绪，思想和行为映射到特质神经质和外向性，2） 测试神经质和外向性的日常标记比特质更敏感的预测 检测人格变化的措施，和3）测试的预测，无论是特质和日常措施， 个性可以预测随后的认知能力下降，但日常标记可以识别特定的情绪， 思想，和行为模式，这可能是服从干预。该方法是创新的， 申请人的意见，因为它测试了与人格和认知衰退有关的基于理论的预测， 痴呆症，利用大型前瞻性纵向样本，并测试了一种新的测量方法， 标准方法。拟议的研究意义重大，因为它有望推进和扩大 对人格的理解与认知能力下降和ADRD有关。这种知识有可能 直接干预与风险最相关的具体目标，并确定日常认知指标 损伤

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Dementia is the fifth most common cause of death in the United States. Personality traits, specifically Neuroticism and Extraversion, are implicated in cognitive decline and forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD). The long-term goal is to better understand why personality is such a strong predictor of cognitive decline and dementia. The overall objective in this R01 is to disentangle the role of personality change as an indicator of dementia from personality as a risk factor that precedes cognitive decline. This R01 proposes to augment a funded prospective longitudinal study of cognitive decline and dementia by assessing markers of personality in the form of emotion, negative thought, and social interaction patterns in daily life rather than relying solely on broad surveys of personality traits. The central hypothesis is that this novel approach will allow us to disambiguate the role of personality change as an indicator from personality differences as risk factors. The rationale for the proposed research is that current approaches measure to infrequently, are delayed in detecting personality change, and are too broad to identify the specific, potentially modifiable behavioral, thought, and emotional patterns that pose risks for decline and dementia. Guided by preliminary measurement work, we will test everyday markers of Neuroticism and Extraversion alongside commonly used trait measures. Specific aims extended from this hypothesis include: 1) Test the prediction that everyday emotions, thoughts, and behaviors map onto trait Neuroticism and Extraversion, 2) Test the prediction that everyday markers of Neuroticism and Extraversion are more sensitive than trait measures in detecting personality change, and 3) Test the prediction that both trait and everyday measures of personality will predict subsequent cognitive decline but that everyday markers will identify specific emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns which may be amenable to intervention. The approach is innovative, in the applicant’s opinion, because it tests theory-based predictions related to personality and cognitive decline and dementia, leverages a large prospective longitudinal sample, and tests a novel measurement approach against standard methods. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to advance and expand understanding of personality is related to cognitive decline and ADRD. Such knowledge has the potential to direct interventions to specific targets most associated with risk and identify everyday indicators of cognitive impairment.