Cortical processing of three-dimensional object-motion

三维物体运动的皮层处理

• 批准号: 10638729
• 负责人: Ari Rosenberg
• 金额: $ 43.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2028-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10638729
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; 3D world; Anesthesia procedures; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Cues; Data; Devices; Dimensions; Discrimination; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Eye; Face; Fundus; Future; Glean; Goals; Heterogeneity; Impaired cognition; Individual; Industry; Intercept; Knowledge; Lateral; Left; Linear Regressions; Macaca; Measures; Medial; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; Movement; Neurons; Output; Pattern; Perception; Preparation; Primates; Probability; Property; Reporting; Research; Retina; Running; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Testing; Therapeutic; Translations; Virtual and Augmented reality; Vision; Visual; Visual System; Work; area MST; area MT; behavior prediction; computer studies; density; electrical microstimulation; experimental study; indexing; insight; movie; nervous system disorder; neural; neural network; novel; object motion; optic flow; preference; public health relevance; response; sample fixation; stereoscopic; support network; two-dimensional

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT How do we perceive the three-dimensional (3D) movement of objects in the world when our eyes only sense two-dimensional (2D) projections like a movie on a screen? Accurate and precise perception of 3D object motion is essential to intercept objects (e.g., catch a ball) and evade others (e.g., dodge a passing bicyclist). The goal of this proposal is to elucidate the cortical networks that transform ambiguous 2D retinal signals into high-level 3D object-motion representations. To achieve this goal, we will utilize a synergistic combination of behavioral, electrophysiological, and causal manipulation approaches with macaque monkeys. In Aim 1, we will distinguish 2D retinal motion selectivity from 3D object-motion selectivity at the single neuron level and evaluate functional correlations with behavior. We will test the hypothesis that 3D object-motion representations are created within a cortical network consisting of the middle temporal area (MT), the fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST), and the lateral subdivision of the medial superior temporal sulcus (MSTl). The experiments will combine a 3D object-motion discrimination task with simultaneous high-density neuronal recordings from all three areas. Importantly, the stimulus set was rigorously vetted through previous perceptual and computational studies, and maximally discriminates 2D retinal vs. 3D object-motion representations. This work will be the first to assess functional correlations between neuronal activity and the behavioral discrimination of 3D object-motion. To evaluate the cortical network organization of MT, FST, and MSTl, we will compare the areas’ functional properties and measure the Granger causal influences between them using simultaneously recorded local field potentials. In Aim 2, we will apply a complementary approach to assess the causal contributions of each area to 3D motion perception. Specifically, we will use electrical microstimulation (EM) with weak currents to manipulate neuronal activity while the monkeys perform the 3D object-motion discrimination task. These experiments will be the first to use EM to causally probe the relationship between neuronal activity and 3D object-motion perception. Critically, the predicted relationship between neuronal response properties at the site of EM and the induced behavioral biases depends on whether the stimulated neurons are either: (i) selective for 2D retinal motion (with outputs that are used by downstream neurons to compute 3D object-motion, otherwise no effect of EM would be expected) or (ii) selective for 3D object-motion. We will test the predictions locally (i.e., at the level of individual neurons within each area) to assess area-specific functional heterogeneity and globally (i.e., between areas) to assess hierarchical differences across the network. The proposed experiments will together explicate differences in the functional properties of three interconnected cortical areas as well as their causal contributions to 3D motion perception. By elucidating the cortical networks that transform 2D retinal signals into ecologically relevant representations of 3D object-motion, insights from this work will facilitate future studies that explore how neuronal representations of dynamic, object-level information support interactions with the 3D world.

项目概要/摘要 当我们的眼睛只感知时，我们如何感知世界上物体的三维（3D）运动 像屏幕上的电影一样的二维 (2D) 投影？准确、精确地感知 3D 物体运动 对于拦截物体（例如，接住球）和躲避其他物体（例如，躲避路过的自行车手）至关重要。目标 该提案的目的是阐明将模糊的 2D 视网膜信号转换为高级信息的皮质网络 3D 对象运动表示。为了实现这一目标，我们将利用行为、 猕猴的电生理学和因果操作方法。在目标 1 中，我们将区分 单神经元水平上 3D 物体运动选择性的 2D 视网膜运动选择性并评估功能 与行为的相关性。我们将测试以下假设：3D 对象运动表示是在 由颞中区（MT）、颞上沟底部（FST）组成的皮质网络， 以及内侧颞上沟的外侧细分（MST1）。实验将结合 3D 物体运动辨别任务，同时对所有三个区域进行高密度神经元记录。 重要的是，刺激集经过了之前的感知和计算研究的严格审查，并且 最大程度地区分 2D 视网膜与 3D 物体运动表示。这项工作将首先评估 神经元活动与 3D 物体运动的行为辨别之间的功能相关性。到 评估 MT、FST 和 MSTl 的皮质网络组织，我们将比较这些区域的功能特性 并使用同时记录的局部场电位测量它们之间的格兰杰因果影响。 在目标 2 中，我们将应用补充方法来评估每个区域对 3D 运动的因果贡献 洞察力。具体来说，我们将使用微弱电流的电微刺激（EM）来操纵神经元 猴子执行 3D 物体运动辨别任务时进行活动。这些实验将是第一个 使用 EM 因果关系探索神经元活动与 3D 物体运动感知之间的关系。 重要的是，EM 部位的神经元反应特性与诱导的神经元反应特性之间的预测关系 行为偏差取决于受刺激的神经元是否：（i）对 2D 视网膜运动具有选择性（ 下游神经元用来计算 3D 物体运动的输出，否则 EM 不会产生任何影响 预期）或（ii）对 3D 对象运动有选择性。我们将在本地测试预测（即在个人层面） 每个区域内的神经元）以评估特定区域的功能异质性，并在全球（即区域之间）评估 评估整个网络的层次差异。拟议的实验将共同解释差异 三个相互关联的皮质区域的功能特性及其对 3D 的因果贡献 运动感知。通过阐明将二维视网膜信号转化为生态相关信号的皮质网络 3D 物体运动的表示，这项工作的见解将有助于未来的研究，探索神经元如何 动态、对象级信息的表示支持与 3D 世界的交互。