Cortical processing of three-dimensional object-motion

三维物体运动的皮层处理

• 批准号: 10638729
• 负责人: Ari Rosenberg
• 金额: $ 43.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2028-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10638729
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; 3D world; Anesthesia procedures; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Cues; Data; Devices; Dimensions; Discrimination; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Eye; Face; Fundus; Future; Glean; Goals; Heterogeneity; Impaired cognition; Individual; Industry; Intercept; Knowledge; Lateral; Left; Linear Regressions; Macaca; Measures; Medial; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; Movement; Neurons; Output; Pattern; Perception; Preparation; Primates; Probability; Property; Reporting; Research; Retina; Running; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Testing; Therapeutic; Translations; Virtual and Augmented reality; Vision; Visual; Visual System; Work; area MST; area MT; behavior prediction; computer studies; density; electrical microstimulation; experimental study; indexing; insight; movie; nervous system disorder; neural; neural network; novel; object motion; optic flow; preference; public health relevance; response; sample fixation; stereoscopic; support network; two-dimensional

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT How do we perceive the three-dimensional (3D) movement of objects in the world when our eyes only sense two-dimensional (2D) projections like a movie on a screen? Accurate and precise perception of 3D object motion is essential to intercept objects (e.g., catch a ball) and evade others (e.g., dodge a passing bicyclist). The goal of this proposal is to elucidate the cortical networks that transform ambiguous 2D retinal signals into high-level 3D object-motion representations. To achieve this goal, we will utilize a synergistic combination of behavioral, electrophysiological, and causal manipulation approaches with macaque monkeys. In Aim 1, we will distinguish 2D retinal motion selectivity from 3D object-motion selectivity at the single neuron level and evaluate functional correlations with behavior. We will test the hypothesis that 3D object-motion representations are created within a cortical network consisting of the middle temporal area (MT), the fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST), and the lateral subdivision of the medial superior temporal sulcus (MSTl). The experiments will combine a 3D object-motion discrimination task with simultaneous high-density neuronal recordings from all three areas. Importantly, the stimulus set was rigorously vetted through previous perceptual and computational studies, and maximally discriminates 2D retinal vs. 3D object-motion representations. This work will be the first to assess functional correlations between neuronal activity and the behavioral discrimination of 3D object-motion. To evaluate the cortical network organization of MT, FST, and MSTl, we will compare the areas’ functional properties and measure the Granger causal influences between them using simultaneously recorded local field potentials. In Aim 2, we will apply a complementary approach to assess the causal contributions of each area to 3D motion perception. Specifically, we will use electrical microstimulation (EM) with weak currents to manipulate neuronal activity while the monkeys perform the 3D object-motion discrimination task. These experiments will be the first to use EM to causally probe the relationship between neuronal activity and 3D object-motion perception. Critically, the predicted relationship between neuronal response properties at the site of EM and the induced behavioral biases depends on whether the stimulated neurons are either: (i) selective for 2D retinal motion (with outputs that are used by downstream neurons to compute 3D object-motion, otherwise no effect of EM would be expected) or (ii) selective for 3D object-motion. We will test the predictions locally (i.e., at the level of individual neurons within each area) to assess area-specific functional heterogeneity and globally (i.e., between areas) to assess hierarchical differences across the network. The proposed experiments will together explicate differences in the functional properties of three interconnected cortical areas as well as their causal contributions to 3D motion perception. By elucidating the cortical networks that transform 2D retinal signals into ecologically relevant representations of 3D object-motion, insights from this work will facilitate future studies that explore how neuronal representations of dynamic, object-level information support interactions with the 3D world.

项目摘要/摘要 当我们的眼睛唯一的感觉时，我们如何看待世界上物体的三维（3D）运动 二维（2D）项目像屏幕上的电影一样？ 3D对象运动的准确和精确感知 对于拦截物体（例如，捕获球）并逃避其他人（例如，躲闪骑自行车的人）至关重要。目标 该建议的是阐明将模棱两可的2D视网膜信号转化为高级的皮质网络 3D对象表示表示。为了实现这一目标，我们将利用行为的协同组合， 用猕猴的电生理和因果操纵方法。在AIM 1中，我们将区分 从单个神经元水平的3D对象运动选择性中的2D视网膜运动选择性并评估功能 与行为相关。我们将测试以下假设，即3D对象 - 动作表示是在内部创建的 由中间临时区域（MT）组成的皮质网络，上级临时沟（FST）的眼底 以及培养基上临时沟（MSTL）的横向细分。实验将结合3D 对象运动歧​​视任务，以及来自所有三个领域的高密度神经元记录。 重要的是，通过以前的感知和计算研究对刺激集进行了严格审查，并且 最大区分2D视网膜与3D对象运动表示。这项工作将是第一个评估 神经元活动与3D对象运动的行为歧视之间的功能相关性。到 评估MT，FST和MSTL的皮质网络组织，我们将比较该领域的功能属性 并使用简单记录的局部场电位来测量它们之间的Granger因果影响。 在AIM 2中，我们将采用完整的方法来评估每个区域对3D运动的因果贡献 感知。特别是，我们将使用具有弱电流的电微刺激（EM）来操纵神经元 猴子执行3D对象歧视任务时的活动。这些实验将是第一个 使用EM偶尔探测神经元活动与3D对象感知之间的关系。 至关重要的是，EM位点的神经元反应特性与诱导的神经元反应特性之间的预测关系 行为偏见取决于刺激的神经元是否是：（i）选择性2D残留运动（与 下游神经元用于计算3D对象运动的输出，否则不会对EM的影响 预期）或（ii）3D对象运动的选择性。我们将在本地测试预测（即在个人级别 每个区域内的神经元）评估区域特异性功能异质性和全球（即区域之间） 评估整个网络的层次差异。拟议的实验将共同差异 在三个互连皮质区域的功能特性及其对3D的因果关系 运动感知。通过阐明将2D残差信号转化为生态相关的皮质网络 3D对象动作的表示，这项工作的见解将促进未来的研究，以探讨神经元如何 动态，对象级信息的表示支持与3D世界的交互。