Cortical processing of three-dimensional object-motion

三维物体运动的皮层处理

• 批准号: 10638729
• 负责人: Ari Rosenberg
• 金额: $ 43.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2028-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10638729
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; 3D world; Anesthesia procedures; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Cues; Data; Devices; Dimensions; Discrimination; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Eye; Face; Fundus; Future; Glean; Goals; Heterogeneity; Impaired cognition; Individual; Industry; Intercept; Knowledge; Lateral; Left; Linear Regressions; Macaca; Measures; Medial; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; Movement; Neurons; Output; Pattern; Perception; Preparation; Primates; Probability; Property; Reporting; Research; Retina; Running; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Testing; Therapeutic; Translations; Virtual and Augmented reality; Vision; Visual; Visual System; Work; area MST; area MT; behavior prediction; computer studies; density; electrical microstimulation; experimental study; indexing; insight; movie; nervous system disorder; neural; neural network; novel; object motion; optic flow; preference; public health relevance; response; sample fixation; stereoscopic; support network; two-dimensional

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT How do we perceive the three-dimensional (3D) movement of objects in the world when our eyes only sense two-dimensional (2D) projections like a movie on a screen? Accurate and precise perception of 3D object motion is essential to intercept objects (e.g., catch a ball) and evade others (e.g., dodge a passing bicyclist). The goal of this proposal is to elucidate the cortical networks that transform ambiguous 2D retinal signals into high-level 3D object-motion representations. To achieve this goal, we will utilize a synergistic combination of behavioral, electrophysiological, and causal manipulation approaches with macaque monkeys. In Aim 1, we will distinguish 2D retinal motion selectivity from 3D object-motion selectivity at the single neuron level and evaluate functional correlations with behavior. We will test the hypothesis that 3D object-motion representations are created within a cortical network consisting of the middle temporal area (MT), the fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST), and the lateral subdivision of the medial superior temporal sulcus (MSTl). The experiments will combine a 3D object-motion discrimination task with simultaneous high-density neuronal recordings from all three areas. Importantly, the stimulus set was rigorously vetted through previous perceptual and computational studies, and maximally discriminates 2D retinal vs. 3D object-motion representations. This work will be the first to assess functional correlations between neuronal activity and the behavioral discrimination of 3D object-motion. To evaluate the cortical network organization of MT, FST, and MSTl, we will compare the areas’ functional properties and measure the Granger causal influences between them using simultaneously recorded local field potentials. In Aim 2, we will apply a complementary approach to assess the causal contributions of each area to 3D motion perception. Specifically, we will use electrical microstimulation (EM) with weak currents to manipulate neuronal activity while the monkeys perform the 3D object-motion discrimination task. These experiments will be the first to use EM to causally probe the relationship between neuronal activity and 3D object-motion perception. Critically, the predicted relationship between neuronal response properties at the site of EM and the induced behavioral biases depends on whether the stimulated neurons are either: (i) selective for 2D retinal motion (with outputs that are used by downstream neurons to compute 3D object-motion, otherwise no effect of EM would be expected) or (ii) selective for 3D object-motion. We will test the predictions locally (i.e., at the level of individual neurons within each area) to assess area-specific functional heterogeneity and globally (i.e., between areas) to assess hierarchical differences across the network. The proposed experiments will together explicate differences in the functional properties of three interconnected cortical areas as well as their causal contributions to 3D motion perception. By elucidating the cortical networks that transform 2D retinal signals into ecologically relevant representations of 3D object-motion, insights from this work will facilitate future studies that explore how neuronal representations of dynamic, object-level information support interactions with the 3D world.

项目总结/摘要 当我们的眼睛只能感知物体的三维运动时， 二维（2D）投影，就像屏幕上的电影一样？精确感知3D物体运动 对于拦截对象（例如，接球）和躲避其他球（例如，躲开路过的骑自行车的人）。目标 这个建议的目的是阐明将模糊的2D视网膜信号转换为高水平信号的皮层网络。 3D物体运动表示。为了实现这一目标，我们将利用行为， 电生理学和因果操纵方法与猕猴。在目标1中，我们将区分 在单个神经元水平上从3D物体运动选择性获得2D视网膜运动选择性，并评估功能 与行为的相关性。我们将测试3D物体运动表示是在 由颞中区（MT）、上级颞沟（FST）的底部组成的皮质网络， 和内侧上级颞沟（MST 1）的外侧分部。实验将结合联合收割机的3D 物体运动辨别任务，同时记录所有三个区域的高密度神经元。 重要的是，刺激集通过先前的感知和计算研究进行了严格的审查， 最大程度地区分2D视网膜与3D对象运动表示。这项工作将首先评估 神经元活动和三维物体运动的行为识别之间的功能相关性。到 为了评估MT、FST和MST 1的皮层网络组织，我们将比较这些区域的功能特性， 并使用同时记录的局部场电位测量它们之间的格兰杰因果影响。 在目标2中，我们将采用一种互补的方法来评估每个区域对3D运动的因果贡献 perception.具体来说，我们将使用微电刺激（EM）与弱电流操纵神经元 活动，而猴子执行3D物体运动辨别任务。这些实验将是第一个 使用EM因果探测神经元活动和三维物体运动感知之间的关系。 重要的是，EM部位的神经元反应特性与诱导的神经元反应特性之间的预测关系， 行为偏差取决于受刺激的神经元是否是：（i）对2D视网膜运动的选择性（具有 输出由下游神经元用于计算3D对象运动，否则EM将没有影响。 预期的）或（ii）对于3D对象运动是选择性的。我们将在本地测试预测（即，在个人层面上 每个区域内的神经元）以评估区域特异性功能异质性和全局（即，区域之间）， 评估整个网络中的层级差异。拟议的实验将共同解释差异 三个相互关联的皮层区域的功能特性以及它们对3D的因果贡献 运动知觉通过阐明将2D视网膜信号转换为生态相关的皮层网络， 表示的三维物体运动，从这项工作的见解将促进未来的研究，探索如何神经元 动态对象级信息的表示支持与3D世界的交互。