Cortical processing of three-dimensional object-motion

三维物体运动的皮层处理

• 批准号: 10638729
• 负责人: Ari Rosenberg
• 金额: $ 43.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2028-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10638729
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; 3D world; Anesthesia procedures; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Cues; Data; Devices; Dimensions; Discrimination; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Eye; Face; Fundus; Future; Glean; Goals; Heterogeneity; Impaired cognition; Individual; Industry; Intercept; Knowledge; Lateral; Left; Linear Regressions; Macaca; Measures; Medial; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; Movement; Neurons; Output; Pattern; Perception; Preparation; Primates; Probability; Property; Reporting; Research; Retina; Running; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Testing; Therapeutic; Translations; Virtual and Augmented reality; Vision; Visual; Visual System; Work; area MST; area MT; behavior prediction; computer studies; density; electrical microstimulation; experimental study; indexing; insight; movie; nervous system disorder; neural; neural network; novel; object motion; optic flow; preference; public health relevance; response; sample fixation; stereoscopic; support network; two-dimensional

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT How do we perceive the three-dimensional (3D) movement of objects in the world when our eyes only sense two-dimensional (2D) projections like a movie on a screen? Accurate and precise perception of 3D object motion is essential to intercept objects (e.g., catch a ball) and evade others (e.g., dodge a passing bicyclist). The goal of this proposal is to elucidate the cortical networks that transform ambiguous 2D retinal signals into high-level 3D object-motion representations. To achieve this goal, we will utilize a synergistic combination of behavioral, electrophysiological, and causal manipulation approaches with macaque monkeys. In Aim 1, we will distinguish 2D retinal motion selectivity from 3D object-motion selectivity at the single neuron level and evaluate functional correlations with behavior. We will test the hypothesis that 3D object-motion representations are created within a cortical network consisting of the middle temporal area (MT), the fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST), and the lateral subdivision of the medial superior temporal sulcus (MSTl). The experiments will combine a 3D object-motion discrimination task with simultaneous high-density neuronal recordings from all three areas. Importantly, the stimulus set was rigorously vetted through previous perceptual and computational studies, and maximally discriminates 2D retinal vs. 3D object-motion representations. This work will be the first to assess functional correlations between neuronal activity and the behavioral discrimination of 3D object-motion. To evaluate the cortical network organization of MT, FST, and MSTl, we will compare the areas’ functional properties and measure the Granger causal influences between them using simultaneously recorded local field potentials. In Aim 2, we will apply a complementary approach to assess the causal contributions of each area to 3D motion perception. Specifically, we will use electrical microstimulation (EM) with weak currents to manipulate neuronal activity while the monkeys perform the 3D object-motion discrimination task. These experiments will be the first to use EM to causally probe the relationship between neuronal activity and 3D object-motion perception. Critically, the predicted relationship between neuronal response properties at the site of EM and the induced behavioral biases depends on whether the stimulated neurons are either: (i) selective for 2D retinal motion (with outputs that are used by downstream neurons to compute 3D object-motion, otherwise no effect of EM would be expected) or (ii) selective for 3D object-motion. We will test the predictions locally (i.e., at the level of individual neurons within each area) to assess area-specific functional heterogeneity and globally (i.e., between areas) to assess hierarchical differences across the network. The proposed experiments will together explicate differences in the functional properties of three interconnected cortical areas as well as their causal contributions to 3D motion perception. By elucidating the cortical networks that transform 2D retinal signals into ecologically relevant representations of 3D object-motion, insights from this work will facilitate future studies that explore how neuronal representations of dynamic, object-level information support interactions with the 3D world.

项目摘要/摘要 当我们的眼睛只有感觉的时候，我们如何感知世界上物体的三维(3D)运动 像屏幕上的电影一样的二维(2D)投影？对三维物体运动的准确和精确感知 对于拦截物体(例如，接球)和躲避其他物体(例如，躲避路过的自行车手)是必不可少的。目标是 这一建议的目的是阐明将模糊的2D视网膜信号转换为高级信号的皮质网络 3D对象-运动表示。为了实现这一目标，我们将利用行为、 对猕猴的电生理和因果操作方法。在目标1中，我们将区分 2D视网膜运动选择性与3D物体运动选择性--单个神经元水平的运动选择性及功能评价 与行为的相关性。我们将测试这样的假设，即3D对象-运动表示是在 皮质网络由中颞区(MT)、颞上沟底(FST)、 内侧颞上沟外侧细分(MST1)。这些实验将结合3D 物体-运动辨别任务，同时记录所有三个区域的高密度神经元。 重要的是，刺激集通过之前的感知和计算研究进行了严格的审查，并且 最大限度地区分2D视网膜和3D对象运动表示。这项工作将是第一个评估 神经元活动与三维物体运动行为辨别的功能相关性。至 评估MT、FST和MST1的皮质网络组织，我们将比较这些区域的功能特性 并使用同时记录的局部场势来测量它们之间的格兰杰因果影响。 在目标2中，我们将应用一种互补的方法来评估每个区域对3D运动的因果贡献 感知力。具体地说，我们将使用弱电流的电微刺激(EM)来操纵神经元 猴子在执行3D物体-运动辨别任务时的活动。这些实验将是第一次 利用EM对神经元活动与3D物体运动知觉之间的关系进行因果探讨。 关键的是，EM部位的神经元反应特性与诱导的 行为偏差取决于受刺激的神经元是否：(I)对2D视网膜运动(与 由下游神经元用于计算3D对象运动的输出，否则EM的效果将不会 预期)或(Ii)选择性地用于3D对象运动。我们将在本地(即，在个人层面上)测试预测 每个区域内的神经元)，以评估特定区域的功能异质性和全局(即，区域之间) 评估整个网络中的层级差异。拟议的实验将共同阐明不同之处。 在三个相互关联的皮质区域的功能特性及其对3D的因果贡献中 运动知觉。通过阐明将2D视网膜信号转换为生态相关的皮质网络 3D物体运动的表示，这项工作的洞察力将有助于未来探索神经元如何 动态、对象级信息的表示支持与3D世界的交互。