Positive future thinking among suicidal adolescents

项目摘要 青少年时期是自杀意念出现的常见时期，因此呈现出一种关键的 干预的机会。减少青春期自杀意念的关键是彻底了解 潜在的干预目标如何运作。目前的调查重点是积极的未来思维， 长期以来一直被认为是防止自杀等临床结果风险的心理过程 从而日益成为干预目标。最近的研究表明， 积极的未来思维可能是违反直觉的有害的，实际上可能会带来更大的内在痛苦的风险 自杀的想法和行为。尽管它具有潜在的临床意义，但令人惊讶的是， 这一主题-主要限于未来思维的措施，可能无法推广到现实世界的设置， 仅限于成人样本。从来没有一个正式的研究潜在的有害影响积极的未来 有自杀倾向的青少年与我们的长期目标相一致，即通过以下方式破坏自杀的轨迹： 干预自杀风险背后的可塑性心理机制，这是R21的直接目标 一项建议是研究积极的未来思维的各个方面是否以及如何使自杀永久化 青少年的思维能力。对110名有近1年自杀意念史的青少年进行问卷调查， 目前的研究团队将通过以下方式来衡量积极的未来思维和相应的激励过程： 通过基线评估和生态瞬时评估（EMA）。具体目标是：（1）测试 青少年想象“自我幸福感”（IWB）为主题的未来预期结果的经验 预测随后的自杀意念;（2）测试青少年想象未实现的经验是否 预期的未来结果预测随后的自杀意念;（3）识别动机过程， 这可能是想象以国际世界银行为主题的未来预期成果无法实现的适应不良影响的原因。 这一建议是创新的，因为：（a）它的特点是最丰富的地形检查积极的未来 （B）它是对自杀者进行的最有效的生态评估， 有自杀倾向的人士曾对未来抱持积极的想法;及（c）这在概念上是激进的。探索 这个高度新颖但似乎合理的研究问题不仅可以为更集中的发展提供信息， 同时，也对许多现存的干预措施进行了改进。彻底审查假定的干预目标 在自杀者开始进行心理治疗的时候， 治疗和更明确地降低自杀风险，无论是在标准治疗环境中还是在标准治疗环境之外。

PROJECT SUMMARY Adolescence is a common period of time for suicidal ideation to emerge and thereby presents a critical opportunity for intervention. A key to reducing suicidal ideation during adolescence is to thoroughly understand how potential intervention targets may operate. The present investigation focuses on positive future thinking, a psychological process that has long been assumed to protect against risk of clinical outcomes such as suicide and thus increasingly become an intervention target. Recent work suggests that certain manifestations of positive future thinking may be counterintuitively harmful and may in fact confer greater risk of internal distress and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Despite its potential clinical implications, there is surprisingly little work on this topic—mostly limited to measures of future thinking that may not generalize to real-world settings and limited to adult samples. Never has there been a formal study of potentially harmful effects of positive future thinking among suicidal adolescents. Aligned with our long-term goal to disrupt the trajectory toward suicide by intervening on malleable psychological mechanisms underlying suicide risk, the immediate goal of this R21 proposal is to study whether and how discrete aspects of positive future thinking may perpetuate suicidal ideation among adolescents. With a sample of 110 adolescents with past year history of suicidal ideation, the present research team will measure positive future thinking and corresponding motivational processes through baseline assessments and via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Specific Aims are to: (1) Test whether adolescents’ experience of imagining ‘intrapersonal well-being’ (IWB)-themed desired future outcomes predicts subsequent suicidal ideation; (2) Test whether adolescents’ experience of imagining unattained desired future outcomes predicts subsequent suicidal ideation; and (3) Identify motivational processes that may account for the maladaptive effects of imagining IWB-themed and unattained desired future outcomes. This proposal is innovative because: (a) it features the most topographically rich examination of positive future thinking ever conducted among suicidal individuals; (b) it features the most ecologically valid assessment of positive future thinking ever conducted among suicidal individuals; and (c) it is conceptually radical. Exploring this highly novel yet plausible research question may not only inform the development of more focused interventions but also refine numerous extant interventions. Thoroughly vetting presumed intervention targets during a time when suicidal individuals begin engaging in psychotherapy may help prevent adverse effects of treatment and more definitively reduce suicide risk both in and out of standard treatment settings.