RFA-CE-22-004, Understanding personal, social network, and neighborhood environmental contributors to firearm access and violence among young adults experiencing homelessness

RFA-CE-22-004，了解个人、社交网络和社区环境对无家可归的年轻人获取枪支和暴力的影响因素

• 批准号: 10560370
• 负责人: Hsun-Ta Hsu
• 金额: $ 59.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-30 至 2025-09-29
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10560370
• 关键词: RFA; CE; 22; 004; Understanding

Project Summary/Abstract Firearm risks, which includes direct and indirect victimization of firearm violence, firearm violence perpetration, and firearm access and carrying, is an urgent public health issue across the U.S. The death rate from firearm- related injuries among youth aged 15 to 24 stands at 17.7 per 100,000 – the second highest across age groups. Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) are especially vulnerable to violence. Approximately 4.2 million youth experience homelessness each year. In one study conducted by the PI using data from YEH in 7 major cities across the U.S., over 45% had experienced firearm victimization in their lifetime, 17% had perpetrated firearm violence in their lifetime, and 34% had easy access to a firearm. Virtually nothing is known about individual, social network, and neighborhood environmental characteristics that may be associated with YEH’s firearm violence exposure, access and tendency to carry firearms. Additionally, current interventions (e.g., school-based interventions) are not likely to apply to their homelessness context, nor even reach them. Understanding firearm risks among YEH from a socio-ecological perspective will provide critical information to inform primary and secondary firearm violence prevention strategies for YEH. This proposal is in response to RFA-CE-22-004, Research Grants to Prevent Firearm-Related Violence and Injuries (R01), specifically addressing Objective One (research to improve understanding of firearm injury and inform the development of innovative and promising prevention strategies) that encourages examination of modifiable individual and social environmental factors for firearm violence victimization and perpetration among vulnerable populations. This project will investigate how individual, social network, and neighborhood environmental characteristics are associated with YEH’s firearm risks and examine the role their social network may play in moderating these risks either by attenuating or exacerbating individual and neighborhood influences. In accordance with Funding Option B, this 3-year project will use a cross-sectional survey design to conduct primary data collection using computer-assisted, face-to-face structured interviews from YEH at drop-in centers in Los Angeles County, California and the greater St. Louis, Missouri area. Following previously validated procedures, this study will also employ a novel use of Google Street View to virtually collect block-based environmental data surrounding places where youth experience homelessness. Individual characteristics among YEH will include personal background characteristics (e.g., homeless history, mental health, substance use). Social network compositions will include member types, perceived member norms, and behaviors. Neighborhood environment will include social and physical characteristics as well as overall neighborhood disorder. Such a comprehensive understanding of our most vulnerable, minoritized and historically invisible population will allow for the development of innovative interventions to help keep YEH healthy and safe from firearm-related injuries, death, and crime.

项目总结/摘要 枪支风险，包括枪支暴力的直接和间接受害，枪支暴力犯罪， 枪支的获取和携带，是美国各地的一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。 在15至24岁的年轻人中，每10万人中有17.7人受伤，是各年龄段中第二高的。 组无家可归的青年特别容易受到暴力侵害。大约4.2 每年有100万青年无家可归。在PI使用YEH的数据进行的一项研究中， 美国的主要城市，超过45%的人在一生中经历过枪支伤害，17%的人在一生中经历过枪支伤害。 在他们的一生中犯下了枪支暴力，34%的人很容易获得枪支。事实上， 关于个人，社会网络和邻里环境特征，可能与 YEH的枪支暴力暴露、接触和携带枪支的倾向。此外，目前的干预措施 (e.g.,基于学校的干预措施）不太可能适用于他们的无家可归情况，甚至无法触及他们。 从社会生态学的角度了解YEH中的枪支风险将为以下方面提供重要信息： 为青年保健中心制定预防火器暴力的初级和次级战略提供信息。这项建议是为了回应 RFA-CE-22-004，防止枪支相关暴力和伤害的研究赠款（R 01），特别是 解决目标一（研究，以提高对火器伤害的理解，并告知发展， 创新和有希望的预防战略），鼓励检查可改变的个人， 造成弱势群体中枪支暴力受害和犯罪的社会环境因素。 本项目将探讨个人、社会网络和邻里环境特征是如何 与YEH的枪支风险相关，并研究他们的社交网络在缓和这些风险方面可能发挥的作用。 削弱或加剧个人和邻里的影响。根据资金 选项B，这个为期3年的项目将使用横截面调查设计，使用 在洛杉矶县的救助中心， 加州和大圣路易斯、密苏里州地区。根据先前确认的程序，本研究将 还采用了谷歌街景的一种新的使用方式，以虚拟方式收集周围基于街区的环境数据， 年轻人无家可归的地方。YEH中的个人特征将包括个人 背景特征（例如，无家可归的历史，心理健康，物质使用）。社交网络 组合将包括成员类型、感知的成员规范和行为。邻里环境 将包括社会和身体特征以及整体邻里混乱。这种全面 了解我们最脆弱、少数民族化和历史上看不见的人口， 开发创新的干预措施，以帮助保持YEH健康和安全，免受与枪支有关的伤害，死亡， 和犯罪