COVID-19 and Nail Salon Workers: Taking Stock of the Pandemic's Impact on Occupational Health and Safety

项目概要/摘要：美国40万美甲沙龙工人（新南威尔士州）-主要是移民 处于生育黄金期的女性是一个价值100亿美元的小企业行业的一部分， 很难接触到新工作者是劳动力中低工资、保险不足的移民妇女的象征， 在他们所服务的社区中是不可见的。这些被忽视的工人群体不断地暴露在 职业危害，如有毒化学品、生物制剂、不良的人体工程学和心理 压力源新型冠状病毒大流行（COVID-19）不仅加剧了这些国家的经济脆弱性， 这不仅加剧了工人的健康和安全问题，而且加剧了现有的未解决的职业健康和安全问题。预处理 大流行研究表明，新南威尔士州表示需要就产品接触和安全措施进行培训。 鉴于COVID-19，工作场所的优先事项无疑已经转移，因为现在的重点可能是工作保障， 感染控制、资源获取和心理健康。此外，新南威尔士人特别容易感染COVID-19 鉴于提供客户服务所需的距离很近，已提出若干建议， 指引雇主在疫情期间如何保障雇员的职业健康及安全。但我们 我不知道美甲店老板是否以及在多大程度上采用和实施这些准则， 保护工人。如果不全面了解既定的保护措施， 以及新南威尔士州的优先事项如何根据COVID-19发生变化，未来的干预措施将无法满足他们的需求。 需要，并有效地促进这些工人的健康和福祉。这种混合方法序贯设计 研究，由社区参与的方法指导，有以下具体目标：（1）表征安全性 美甲沙龙业主在COVID-19期间实施的措施以及优先事项的变化;（2）探索 新南威尔士州在COVID-19期间的职业健康和安全体验和需求;以及（3）与新南威尔士州和业主合作 根据目标1的文献和定性数据，开发、试验和验证一种调查工具 和2.该提案推进了NIOSH国家职业研究议程（诺拉）的任务 服务部门以及健康的工作设计和福利跨部门，因为它将：1）推进我们的 评估方法的OHS的需求和变化，根据大流行，在一个研究不足的小 工商业工作者小组; 2）告知未来基于证据的干预措施的设计。主要 该应用程序的研究到实践（r2 p）贡献是两方面的：1）开发有针对性的 进行调查，以更好地了解疫情对新南威尔士州职业健康和安全人员以及其他类似类型的工作人员的影响 特性（例如，女性，低工资，保险不足，移民）; 2）建立和加强 研究小组成员和美甲沙龙社区之间的伙伴关系和合作。中间 结果包括新南威尔士州职业健康需求评估方法的潜在变化 研究人员除调查外，产出将包括出版物和会议记录。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: The 400,000 nail salon workers (NSW) in the U.S.—primarily immigrant women in their prime reproductive years—are part of a $10 billion small business industry that is understudied and hard-to-reach. NSWs are emblematic of low-wage, underinsured, immigrant women in the workforce who are invisible in the communities they serve. This overlooked worker population is continuously exposed to occupational hazards such as toxic chemicals, biological agents, poor ergonomics, and psychological stressors. The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) heightened not only the economic vulnerability of these workers but also exacerbated existing unaddressed occupational health and safety (OHS) issues. Pre- pandemic studies indicated NSWs expressed needs for training on product exposure and safety measures. Given COVID-19, workplace priorities have undoubtedly shifted as the focus may now be on job security, infection control, resource access, and mental health. In addition, NSWs are particularly at risk for COVID-19 infection given the close proximity needed to provide client services. Several recommendations have been published to guide employers’ methods to safeguard employees’ OHS during the pandemic. However, we do not know whether and to what extent nail salons owners are adopting and implementing those guidelines to protect their workers. Without a comprehensive understanding of established protective measures and whether and how NSW priorities have shifted in light of COVID-19, future interventions will be ill-equipped to meet their needs and effectively promote these workers’ health and wellbeing. This mixed-method sequential design study, guided by a community-engaged approach has the following Specific Aims: (1) Characterize the safety measures that nail salon owners have implemented during COVID-19 and changes in priorities; (2) Explore NSWs’ perceived OHS experiences and needs during COVID-19; and (3) Collaborate with NSWs and owners to develop, pilot, and validate a survey instrument informed by the literature and qualitative data from Aims 1 and 2. This proposal advances the missions of the NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Services sector as well as the Healthy Work Design and Well-Being Cross-Sector as it will: 1) advance our assessment approach of OHS needs and changes, in light of the pandemic, among an understudied small business industry worker group; and 2) inform the design of a future evidence-based intervention. The main research-to-practice (r2p) contribution of this application is two-pronged: 1) the development of a targeted survey to improve understanding of the pandemic’s effects on NSWs OHS and other workers with similar types of characteristics (e.g., female, low-wage, underinsured, immigrant); and 2) establish and strengthen partnership and collaboration among the study team members and nail salon community. Intermediate outcomes include the potential for changes in NSW needs assessment methodology for occupational health researchers. In addition to the survey, outputs will include publications and conference proceedings.