Assessing the Impact of Flavor Restrictions on Smoking and Vaping

评估口味限制对吸烟和电子烟的影响

• 批准号: 10666147
• 负责人: Abigail S. Friedman
• 金额: $ 48.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-14 至 2028-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10666147
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adoption; Adult; Affect; Area; Behavior; Border Crossings; Characteristics; Child; Cigar; Cigarette; Data; Data Set; Disparity; Effectiveness; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Flavoring; Future; Geographic Factor; Health; Health behavior and outcomes; Individual; Laws; Legal system; Link; Measures; Menthol; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; National Health Interview Survey; Nicotine; Outcome; Output; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Policies; Policy Analysis; Policy Maker; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Randomized; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Running; Rural; Sales; Smoking; Socioeconomic Status; Subgroup; Surveys; Taxes; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco use; United States Food and Drug Administration; Urbanicity; Variant; Youth; cigarette smoking; cigarillos; combustible cigarette; design; electronic vape; innovation; low socioeconomic status; nicotine use; public policy on tobacco; response; rural counties; rural dwellers; tobacco flavor; tobacco products; tobacco regulation; vaping

PROJECT 3 Abstract In the US, at least six states and hundreds of localities have restricted or banned sales of flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in order to reduce youth vaping. Yet the evidence on these policies’ effects on individual behavior is mixed, and some studies link them to increases in combustible cigarette use (“smoking”). Nationally generalizable estimates for such regulations’ effects on contemporaneous cigarette, cigar, and ENDS use—the three most popular tobacco/nicotine products in the US—are needed to clarify the policies’ immediate impacts and model longer run effects on these behaviors as well as related health outcomes and disparities. Thus, focusing on the Behavior and Impact Analysis scientific domains described in RFA-OD-22-004, we will apply quasi-experimental research designs—methods designed to produce causal estimates in the absence of randomized assignment—to nationally representative, restricted-use survey data on adults and adolescents as well as retail sales data, in order to clarify such flavor restrictions’ effects. Matching these datasets to data on state and local ENDS flavor restrictions, Aim 1 will estimate ENDS flavor restrictions’ effects on youth and adult smoking and vaping, with sensitivity checks testing whether effect estimates vary with policy attributes (e.g., retailer exemptions). To consider differential effects by urbanicity and socioeconomic status (SES), Aim 2 will then test whether responses to flavor restrictions vary across urban vs. rural jurisdictions; assess the extent to which this might be explained by geographic factors (e.g., proximity to jurisdictions that allow flavored ENDS sales) vs. differences in resident characteristics (e.g., SES); and, estimate implications for both urban-rural and SES disparities in smoking and vaping. As a federal flavor restriction’s impacts may differ across areas with distinct state and local tobacco control policies, Aim 3 will assess how flavor restrictions’ effects differ between localities with more vs. less restrictive tobacco control policy environments. Those results will be used to estimate implications for the effectiveness of a federal flavor ban, given observed variation in local policies. Finally, to further aid the Food and Drug Administration in evaluating new policies’ effects, Aim 4 will use retail sales data to provide rapid analyses of new federal flavor regulations’ relationships to tobacco/nicotine product sales (e.g., banning sales of menthol cigarettes or non- tobacco flavored cigars) and consider associations with sales of newer non-nicotine flavoring products, intended for use with cigarette, cigar, and/or ENDS, in order to understand if/how their availability modifies flavor laws’ effects. Thus, this research will clarify flavor restrictions’ effects on youth and adult rates of cigarette, cigar, and ENDS use, providing key parameters to inform our Center’s modeling of flavor restrictions’ long-term public health impacts, in order to aid CTP in assessing the impact of FDA flavor policies.

项目3 在美国，至少有六个州和数百个地方限制或禁止销售调味电子产品。 尼古丁输送系统（ENDS），以减少青年vaping。然而，这些政策影响的证据 对个人行为的影响好坏参半，一些研究将其与可燃香烟使用的增加联系起来， （“吸烟”）。对这些法规对同时期卷烟影响的全国性普遍估计， 雪茄和ENDS使用-美国最受欢迎的三种烟草/尼古丁产品-需要澄清 政策的直接影响和模型对这些行为以及相关健康的长期影响 结果和差距。因此，集中在行为和影响分析的科学领域中描述， RFA-OD-22-004，我们将应用准实验研究设计-旨在产生因果关系的方法 在没有随机分配给具有国家代表性的限制使用调查数据的情况下的估计数 对成年人和青少年以及零售销售数据进行分析，以澄清此类风味限制的影响。 将这些数据集与州和当地ENDS风味限制的数据相匹配，目标1将估计ENDS风味 限制对青少年和成年人吸烟和吸电子烟的影响，敏感性检查测试是否影响 估计随着策略属性而变化（例如，零售商豁免）。考虑城市化的不同影响， 社会经济地位（SES），目标2将测试是否响应风味限制不同城市与 农村管辖区;评估地理因素在多大程度上可以解释这一点（例如，接近 允许调味ENDS销售的管辖区）与居民特征的差异（例如，SES）;以及， 估计吸烟和电子烟对城乡和社会经济地位差异的影响。作为一个联邦风味 限制的影响可能因州和地方烟草控制政策不同而有所不同，目标3将 评估烟草控制严格和不严格的地区之间，口味限制的影响有何不同 政策环境。这些结果将被用来评估一种联邦口味的有效性 禁止，鉴于观察到的地方政策的变化。最后，为了进一步帮助食品和药物管理局， 在评估新政策的效果时，Aim 4将使用零售销售数据来提供对新的联邦风味的快速分析 法规与烟草/尼古丁产品销售的关系（例如，禁止售卖薄荷香烟或非薄荷香烟， 烟草味雪茄）并考虑与较新的非尼古丁调味产品的销售的关联， 预期与香烟、雪茄和/或ENDS一起使用，以了解其可用性是否/如何改变 风味法则的影响因此，这项研究将阐明口味限制对青少年和成年人的影响。 香烟，雪茄和ENDS使用，提供关键参数，以告知我们中心的风味限制建模 长期的公共健康影响，以帮助CTP评估FDA风味政策的影响。