DS-I Africa - LAW

DS-I 非洲 - 法律

• 批准号: 10680448
• 负责人: Donrich Willem Thaldar
• 金额: $ 38.86万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10680448
• 关键词: Africa; African; Artificial Intelligence; Border Crossings; COVID-19; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complement; Complex; Consent; Data; Data Collection; Data Science; Dimensions; Ethics; Geographic Information Systems; Goals; Health; Health Sciences; Human Rights; Individual; Informed Consent; Intellectual Property; International; Internet; Journals; Knowledge; Laws; Legal; Legal Liability; Nature; Outcome; Output; Ownership; Participant; Peer Review; Persons; Philosophy; Policy Maker; Population Surveillance; Positioning Attribute; Privacy; Property Rights; Publications; Publishing; Recommendation; Regulation; Research; Research Project Grants; Resources; Rights; Risk; Risk Assessment; Scientist; Technology; benefit sharing; data sharing; empowerment; ethical, legal, and social implication; expectation; genomic data; health data; innovation; instrument; lens; novel; social implication; trend; wasting

Project Summary/Abstract The proposed project will have a strong focus on the legal dimensions of using data science for health discovery and innovation in Africa. Accordingly, the proposed project is intended to complement other ELSI projects that may focus more on the ethical and social implications. Without knowledge of the law, scientists risk starting a health research project only to later find the data that they have generated cannot be used as planned; without knowledge of the law, scientists risk wasting resources, legal liability, and even criminal sanctions. Accordingly, scientists need clarity regarding the `hard' law that governs the use of data in health research. The law can often be multi- layered, complex, and may differ between jurisdictions. Therefore, to facilitate health discovery and innovation that uses data science, legal clarity will be provided on a variety of critical legal themes, listed below. The expected output of the proposed project will be practical guides for scientists on how to be legally compliant with regard to each of these themes. The impact will be that scientists who plan projects using data science for health discovery and innovation in Africa (or with African collaborators) will be empowered to take the required actions to be legally compliant. The proposed project will have a broad jurisdictional scope, involving the law of twelve African nations. Five critical legal themes will be investigated over a three-year period: (1) modes of informed consent to the use of data; (2) the nature and content of individual and community rights in genomic data; (3) the use of persons' geospatial data for public health surveillance; (4) the cross-border sharing of data; and (5) the use of data as basis for Artificial Intelligence (AI). An important cross-cutting theme and goal of the proposed project is the decolonization and Africanization of extant law related to the use of data in health research. The proposed project will critically engage with the extant law of the twelve jurisdictions from the perspective of current trends in African legal philosophy. The expected outcomes are recommendations for legal innovation and inter- jurisdiction harmonization. The impact of these recommendations will be to empower policymakers in Africa to make the relevant law more attuned to the needs and expectations of the people of Africa. The project team consist of leading law academics from different regions in Africa – boasting with a collective publication record of 148 articles in peer-reviewed journals. The team's core expertise is the legal regulation of data, and African legal philosophy. Accordingly, the team is perfectly positioned to successfully execute the proposed project.

项目总结/摘要 拟议项目将重点关注利用数据科学促进健康的法律的层面 在非洲的发现和创新。因此，拟议项目旨在补充其他 ELSI项目可能更注重伦理和社会影响。 在不了解法律的情况下，科学家们冒着风险开始一个健康研究项目，只是为了后来找到数据 他们所产生的不能按计划使用;没有法律知识，科学家们冒着风险， 浪费资源，承担法律的责任，甚至刑事制裁。因此，科学家需要明确 关于管理卫生研究数据使用的“硬”法。法律往往是多方面的。 分层的、复杂的，并且在不同的司法管辖区之间可能有所不同。因此，为了促进健康发现， 利用数据科学的创新，将在各种关键法律的主题上提供法律的清晰度， 下面拟议项目的预期成果将为科学家提供实用指南，指导他们如何 在法律上符合每一个主题。其影响将是， 在非洲（或与非洲合作者）利用数据科学进行健康发现和创新的项目 将被授权采取必要的行动，以符合法律规定。 拟议的项目将有一个广泛的管辖范围，涉及12个非洲国家的法律， nations. 将在三年期间调查五个关键的法律的主题：（1）知情同意的方式 （2）基因组数据中的个人和社区权利的性质和内容;（3）基因组数据中的个人和社区权利的性质和内容;（4）基因组数据中的个人和社区权利的性质和内容。 利用个人地理空间数据进行公共卫生监测;（4）跨界共享数据; 以及（5）使用数据作为人工智能（AI）的基础。 拟议项目的一个重要交叉主题和目标是非殖民化和 与卫生研究数据使用有关的现行法律的非洲化。拟议项目将 从当前趋势的角度，批判性地参与十二个司法管辖区的现行法律， 非洲法律的哲学。预期的成果是对法律的创新和国际间的建议。 管辖权协调。这些建议的影响将是增强决策者的能力， 非洲国家应努力使有关法律更加符合非洲人民的需要和期望。 该项目小组由来自非洲不同地区的主要法律学者组成， 在同行评审期刊上发表148篇文章的集体出版记录。该团队的核心专长是 数据的法律的监管和非洲的法律的哲学。因此，该团队完全可以 成功实施拟议项目。

项目成果

Liability for harm caused by AI in healthcare: an overview of the core legal concepts.

• DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1297353
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Frontiers in pharmacology
• 影响因子: 5.6

What does it mean to be an agent?

• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1273470
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Naidoo, Meshandren

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Proposals for policy development in South Africa.

• DOI: 10.7196/sajbl.2022.v15i1.797
• 发表时间: 2022-08-05
• 期刊: SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS AND LAW
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Naidoo, S;Bottomley, D;Naidoo, M;Donnelly, D;Thaldar, D W
• 通讯作者: Thaldar, D W

The multidimensional legal nature of personal genomic sequence data: A South African perspective.

• DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997595
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Thaldar, Donrich W.;Townsend, Beverley A.;Donnelly, Dusty-Lee;Botes, Marietjie;Gooden, Amy;van Harmelen, Joanne;Shozi, Bonginkosi
• 通讯作者: Shozi, Bonginkosi

Introducing dynamic consent for improved trust and privacy in research involving human biological material and associated data in South Africa.

在南非涉及人类生物材料和相关数据的研究中引入动态同意，以提高信任和隐私。

• DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1272924
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Frontiers in genetics
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Prinsen,Larisse