Empirical tests of the contributions of genomic variation to the trajectories of adaptation

ESI MIRA项目摘要- Seth Rudman 项目摘要 对适应过程的全面机械理解， 结果是进化生物学的一个基本目标，朝着这个目标的进展具有深远的意义。 对人类健康的影响。适应，特别是在动物种群，主要是研究 通过它产生的模式进行回顾。然而，数十年的研究表明， 自然种群的适应很快发生。越来越多的实地实验，包括 我最近的大部分工作，通过观察， 它发生。随着测序和生物信息学的进步，现在可以使用时间向前 直接观察有性繁殖二倍体适应过程的实验方法 通过研究独立种群的重复变化， 适应的证据。将时间向前的实验方法与 遗传多样性、选择性景观或人口统计学方面可以直接检验假设 关于基因组结构，限制和适应的步伐，为我们提供了关键的见解。 快速适应的过程。我建议通过一种利用现有技术的方法来联合实验， 分子和群体遗传学工具在果蝇复制领域的实验， 直接测试关于遗传变异，适应和遗传之间关系的关键假设。 动物种群进化的可预测性。主要问题是：1）基因型-表型 预测适应结果的复杂性状的关系; 2）大效应位点是必需的吗 从常设遗传变异的快速适应; 3）什么是数量之间的关系， 遗传多样性和适应的速度和平行性;以及4）基因是否流入当地适应的环境中 但人口减少促进或限制适应和人口持续性， 取决于受体群体中遗传多样性的数量。除了直接回答 这些问题，这些实验将提供有关速度，可预测性和重要性的数据， 适应在塑造基因组多样性和种群的持久性迅速栖息 不断变化的环境我在这里提出的工作是建立一个研究计划的一部分， 进化生物学中的基本问题，通过操纵假设影响 适应和直接观察其效果，最终目的是建立一个机制， 理解适应。

ESI MIRA Project Summary – Seth Rudman Project Summary A comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the process of adaptation that is predictive of outcomes is a fundamental goal in evolutionary biology and advances towards this goal have profound implications for human health. Adaptation, particularly in animal populations, is primarily studied retrospectively through the patterns it produces. Yet, decades of research have demonstrated that adaptation in natural populations occurs quickly. A growing number of field experiments, including much of my recent work, have demonstrated key insight into the process of adaptation by observing as it occurs. With advances in sequencing and bioinformatics it is now tractable to use forward-in-time experimental approaches to directly observe the process of adaptation in sexually reproducing diploid animals by studying repeated changes across independent populations, which is amongst the strongest evidence of adaptation. Combining a forward-in-time experimental approach with manipulations of aspects of genetic diversity, the selective landscape, or demography can directly test hypotheses about the genomic architecture, constraint, and pace of adaptation providing key insight into the process of rapid adaptation. I propose experiments united by an approach that leverages existing molecular and population genetics tools in Drosophila melanogaster for replicated field experiments that directly test key hypotheses about the relationship between genetic variation, adaptation, and the predictability of evolution in animal populations. The primary questions are: 1) Are genotype-phenotype relationships of complex traits predictive of the outcomes of adaptation; 2) Are large effect loci essential for rapid adaptation from standing genetic variation; 3) What is the relationship between the amount of genetic diversity and the pace and parallelism of adaptation; and 4) Does gene flow into locally adapted but declining populations promote or constrain adaptation and population persistence and does this depend on the amount of genetic diversity in the recipient population. In addition to directly answering these questions, these experiments will provide data on the pace, predictability, and importance of adaptation in shaping both genomic diversity and the persistence of populations inhabiting rapidly changing environments. The work I propose here is part of building a research program that tests fundamental questions in evolutionary biology by manipulating factors hypothesized to influence adaptation and directly observing their effects with the ultimate aim of building a mechanistic understanding of adaptation.