Empirical tests of the contributions of genomic variation to the trajectories of adaptation

基因组变异对适应轨迹的贡献的实证检验

• 批准号: 10679019
• 负责人: Seth Rudman
• 金额: $ 37.59万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10679019
• 关键词: Animals; Architecture; Bioinformatics; Biological; Biological Process; Biology; Complex; Data; Demography; Diploidy; Drosophila melanogaster; Ecosystem; Environment; Evolution; Genes; Genetic Structures; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Global Change; Goals; Health; Human; Human Genetics; Knowledge; Malignant Neoplasms; Molecular Genetics; Natural experiment; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Phenotype; Population; Population Genetics; Process; Research; Retrospective Studies; Shapes; Testing; Time; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Work; experimental study; genomic variation; insight; outcome prediction; programs; tool; trait

ESI MIRA Project Summary – Seth Rudman Project Summary A comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the process of adaptation that is predictive of outcomes is a fundamental goal in evolutionary biology and advances towards this goal have profound implications for human health. Adaptation, particularly in animal populations, is primarily studied retrospectively through the patterns it produces. Yet, decades of research have demonstrated that adaptation in natural populations occurs quickly. A growing number of field experiments, including much of my recent work, have demonstrated key insight into the process of adaptation by observing as it occurs. With advances in sequencing and bioinformatics it is now tractable to use forward-in-time experimental approaches to directly observe the process of adaptation in sexually reproducing diploid animals by studying repeated changes across independent populations, which is amongst the strongest evidence of adaptation. Combining a forward-in-time experimental approach with manipulations of aspects of genetic diversity, the selective landscape, or demography can directly test hypotheses about the genomic architecture, constraint, and pace of adaptation providing key insight into the process of rapid adaptation. I propose experiments united by an approach that leverages existing molecular and population genetics tools in Drosophila melanogaster for replicated field experiments that directly test key hypotheses about the relationship between genetic variation, adaptation, and the predictability of evolution in animal populations. The primary questions are: 1) Are genotype-phenotype relationships of complex traits predictive of the outcomes of adaptation; 2) Are large effect loci essential for rapid adaptation from standing genetic variation; 3) What is the relationship between the amount of genetic diversity and the pace and parallelism of adaptation; and 4) Does gene flow into locally adapted but declining populations promote or constrain adaptation and population persistence and does this depend on the amount of genetic diversity in the recipient population. In addition to directly answering these questions, these experiments will provide data on the pace, predictability, and importance of adaptation in shaping both genomic diversity and the persistence of populations inhabiting rapidly changing environments. The work I propose here is part of building a research program that tests fundamental questions in evolutionary biology by manipulating factors hypothesized to influence adaptation and directly observing their effects with the ultimate aim of building a mechanistic understanding of adaptation.

ESI MIRA 项目摘要 – Seth Rudman 项目概要 对适应过程的全面机械理解可以预测 结果是进化生物学的一个基本目标，实现这一目标的进展具有深远的意义 对人类健康的影响。主要研究适应，特别是动物种群的适应 回顾它产生的模式。然而，数十年的研究表明 自然种群的适应很快就会发生。越来越多的现场实验，包括 我最近的大部分工作都通过观察来展示了对适应过程的重要洞察 它发生了。随着测序和生物信息学的进步，现在可以轻松地使用时间前移 直接观察有性生殖二倍体适应过程的实验方法 通过研究独立种群中的重复变化来研究动物，这是最强的之一 适应的证据。将超前实验方法与操作相结合 遗传多样性、选择性景观或人口统计学等方面可以直接检验假设 关于基因组结构、约束和适应速度，提供了对基因组结构、约束和适应速度的关键见解 快速适应的过程。我建议通过利用现有方法进行实验 果蝇的分子和群体遗传学工具，用于重复田间实验 直接检验有关遗传变异、适应和遗传之间关系的关键假设 动物种群进化的可预测性。主要问题是：1）基因型-表型是 预测适应结果的复杂特征之间的关系； 2) 大效应位点是否重要 快速适应长期遗传变异； 3）金额之间有什么关系？ 遗传多样性以及适应的速度和并行性； 4) 基因是否流入适应当地的环境？ 但人口减少会促进或限制适应和人口持续存在，并且会造成这种情况 取决于受体群体遗传多样性的数量。除了直接回答 这些问题、这些实验将提供有关速度、可预测性和重要性的数据 适应塑造基因组多样性和快速居住种群的持久性 不断变化的环境。我在这里提出的工作是建立一个研究计划的一部分，该计划测试 通过操纵假设影响的因素来解决进化生物学中的基本问题 适应并直接观察其影响，最终目标是建立一个机制 对适应的理解。