Revealing the single cell determinants of brain relevant to persistent HIV infection and opioid use disorder

项目总结 艾滋病毒携带者(PLWH)认知功能受损的风险更高，如 HIV相关的神经认知障碍或手。此外，更多地使用合法和非法的 PLWH中的阿片类物质可影响其免疫功能，加重中枢神经系统损害。 然而，对于大脑中携带艾滋病毒的细胞类型，ART对特异性的影响，我们知之甚少。 中枢神经系统细胞类型，以及阿片类药物使用对大脑功能的影响。人类的大脑是 由不同的基因表达定义的细胞类型的巨大多样性组成， 形态、连通性和生理学。单细胞测序分析使细胞类型- 具体分析这些细胞类型在健康大脑功能和疾病中的作用。整体而言 这项提议的目的是揭示大脑中与持续性相关的单细胞决定因素。 使用SNRNA-SEQ和SNATAC-SEQ技术的艾滋病毒感染和阿片类药物使用障碍， 生物信息学方法和验证研究。阿片类药物和其他成瘾药物一样，会影响 伏核(NAC)和前额叶皮质(PFC)，这两个区域也是 感染了艾滋病毒。我们提出了前所未有的概念和实验系统来识别 与持续性HIV感染和阿片类药物使用障碍相关的脑单细胞决定因素 以及阐明遗传变异如何影响基因表达的潜在机会。我们的 该项目有两个具体目标：目标1：创建PFC和PFC的单核转录图谱 南汽。我们将对从死后大脑中分离出来的这两个区域进行SnRNA-seq。目标 2：建立PFC和NAC的单核表观基因组图谱。将在以下位置执行SnATAC-seq 这两个区域是从死后大脑中分离出来的。成功完成这些创新的 单细胞研究将生成两个与NIDA相关的大脑区域的细胞部分列表，PFC和 NAC，并将阐明对中枢神经系统转录和表观遗传景观的新见解 以及艾滋病毒和阿片类药物的使用如何改变它们。

PROJECT SUMMARY People living with HIV (PLWH) are at the higher risk for impaired cognitive functions such as HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder or HAND. Further, higher use of legal and illegal opioids among PLWH could affect their immune functions and exacerbate CNS impairment. However, little is known about the HIV harboring cell types in brain, effect of ART on specific CNS cell types, and the modification of brain functions by opioid use. The human brain is composed of an enormous diversity of cell types defined by distinct gene expression, morphology, connectivity, and physiology. Single cell sequencing assays enable cell type- specific analysis of the role of these cell types in healthy brain function and disease. The overall objective of this proposal is to reveal the single cell determinants of brain relevant to persistent HIV infection and opioid use disorder using snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq technologies, bioinformatics approaches, and validation studies. Opioids, as with other addictive drugs, affect nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and both of these regions are also affected by HIV. We put forward an unprecedented concept and experimental system to identify single cell determinants of brain relevant to persistent HIV infection and opioid use disorder as well as potential opportunities to illuminate how genetic variation affects gene expression. Our project has two specific aims: Aim 1: Create a single nucleus transcriptomic atlas of PFC and NAc. snRNA-seq will be performed on these two regions isolated from post mortem brains. Aim 2: Create a single nucleus epigenomic atlas of PFC and NAc. snATAC-seq will be performed on these two regions isolated from post mortem brains. Successful completion of these innovative single-cell studies will generate cellular part list for two NIDA-relevant brain regions, PFC and NAc, and will illuminate novel insights into transcriptomic and epigenetic landscapes of CNS and how they are altered by HIV and opioid use.