Neural Substrates of Stimulus Recognition and Association Memory

刺激识别和联想记忆的神经基质

• 批准号: 10703908
• 负责人: ELISABETH A MURRAY
• 金额: $ 63.88万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10703908
• 关键词: Amnesia; Animals; Brain; Data Aggregation; Disputes; Episodic memory; Event; Feeling; Goals; Grouping; Hippocampus (Brain); Impairment; Knowledge; Lesion; Life; Life Experience; Location; Medial; Memory; Memory impairment; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Minor; Neuropsychology; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Perceptual learning; Performance; Publications; Publishing; Reporting; Semantic memory; Severities; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; Structure; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Thalamic structure; Variant; Visual; Work; experimental study; frontal lobe; long term memory; neural; neurotoxic; skills; way finding

The hippocampus and perirhinal cortex are both broadly implicated in memory; nevertheless, their relative contributions to visual item recognition and location memory remain disputed. Neuropsychological studies that experimentally damage medial temporal lobe structures report various levels of memory impairment, ranging from minor deficits to profound amnesia. The discrepancies in published findings have complicated efforts to determine the magnitude of visual item recognition and location memory impairments that follow damage to the hippocampus and/or perirhinal cortex. To provide the most accurate estimate to date of the overall effect size, we used meta-analytic techniques on data aggregated from 26 publications that assess visual item recognition and/or location memory in animals with and without selective neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus or perirhinal cortex. We estimated the overall effect size, evaluated the relation between lesion extent and effect size, and investigated factors that may account for between-study variation. Grouping studies by lesion target and testing method, separate meta-analyses were conducted. One meta-analysis indicated that impairments on tests of visual item recognition were larger after lesions of the perirhinal cortex than after lesions of the hippocampus. A separate meta-analysis showed that performance on tests of location memory was severely impaired in subjects with damage to the hippocampus. For the most part, meta-regressions indicated that greater impairment corresponds with greater lesion extent; paradoxically, however, more extensive hippocampal lesions predicted smaller impairments on tests of visual item recognition. We conclude the perirhinal cortex makes a larger contribution than the hippocampus to visual item recognition, and the hippocampus predominately contributes to spatial navigation.

海马体和嗅周皮层都广泛地参与记忆;然而，它们对视觉项目识别和位置记忆的相对贡献仍然存在争议。神经心理学的研究，实验性损害内侧颞叶结构报告不同程度的记忆障碍，从轻微的缺陷，以深刻的健忘症。在已发表的研究结果的差异复杂的努力，以确定视觉项目识别和位置记忆障碍的程度，海马和/或嗅周皮质损伤。为了提供迄今为止最准确的总体效应量估计，我们使用荟萃分析技术对26篇出版物的数据进行汇总，这些出版物评估了海马或嗅周皮质有和没有选择性神经毒性病变的动物的视觉项目识别和/或位置记忆。我们估计了总体效应量，评估了病变程度和效应量之间的关系，并调查了可能导致研究间变异的因素。根据病变靶点和检测方法进行了回顾性研究，并进行了单独的荟萃分析。一项荟萃分析表明，在嗅周皮层损伤后，视觉项目识别测试的损害比海马损伤后更大。一项独立的荟萃分析显示，海马体受损的受试者在位置记忆测试中的表现严重受损。在大多数情况下，元回归表明，更大的损害对应于更大的病变范围，矛盾的是，然而，更广泛的海马病变预测较小的损害视觉项目识别测试。我们的结论是，嗅周皮层比海马对视觉项目识别的贡献更大，海马主要负责空间导航。