Conceptual Models of Childhood Adversity: Multivariate and Neural Approaches

项目总结 儿童时期的不良经历会给许多负面的长期健康结果带来风险，但 这些体验通过神经生物学嵌入的过程，并可能通过积极的方式缓冲 经验仍不明朗。虽然逆境通常与大脑结构的不同有关，但许多 研究得出了相互矛盾的证据。这些问题可以通过方法论和概念性的方法来解决 考虑逆境测量差异的研究进展，与年龄相关的神经表达 影响，以及积极的童年经历可能产生的竞争影响。青春期，一个充满活力的时期 当许多人第一次经历精神健康问题时，神经变化是评估其影响的一个有希望的时机 儿童时期的逆境对大脑发育和心理健康的影响。这个项目将采用尖端技术 识别两种逆境概念模型的相对优势的计算技术-- 精神病理学的累积风险模型和维度模型--因为它们与大脑结构的变化有关 以及整个青春期的心理健康。为了实现这些目标，这个项目从最多六个人中抽调 174名青春期女孩(初始年龄10-13岁，~18个月)纵向样本的数据波动 海浪)。具体目标是：1)评估累积和维度逆境模型的适合性 心理健康症状的纵向轨迹；2)评估累积模型和维度模型的适合性 逆境与结构性脑发育和决定脑作为中介模型的生存能力；以及3) 确定积极的生活经历对逆境-大脑-健康关系的影响。完成这些目标 将加深对这些概念模型的科学理解，并提供翻译目标 申请。为了促进临床和发育神经学家的职业生涯，这个项目有五个培训 目标：在1)将童年经历用于预测有意义的结果方面培养专门知识；2) 采用纵向单变量和多变量技术；3)青少年结构性脑发育；4) 科学传播；5)职业发展。这项培训将在最先进的水平内进行 俄勒冈大学翻译神经科学中心。Jennifer Pfeifer博士将是主要的 由于她在青少年发育和神经成像方面的广泛知识，她成为了一名导师。菲利普·费希尔博士 早期逆境影响方面的专家，将提供有关逆境概念模型的专业知识。罗伯特博士 查韦斯将提供与他在多变量建模方面的丰富经验相关的指导。凯瑟琳医生 米尔斯将支持青少年大脑发展的培训和可重复的神经科学实践，作为 在这些领域具有相当专业知识的顾问。Jena Doom博士，她在保护方面有专业知识 对抗童年压力的机制，将作为仁爱的运作的顾问 童年经历。鉴于他在发育神经成像纵向建模方面的专业知识，凯文博士 King将为纵向建模考虑提供咨询。

PROJECT SUMMARY Childhood adverse experiences confer risk for a multitude of negative long-term health outcomes, but the processes through which these experiences are neurobiologically embedded and possibly buffered by positive experiences are still unclear. Though adversity is regularly associated with differences in brain structure, many studies yield conflicting evidence. These may be resolved through methodological and conceptual advancements that consider the discrepancies in adversity measurement, age-related expressions of neural effects, and possible competing effects of positive childhood experiences. Adolescence, a period of dynamic neural change when many first experience mental health problems, is a promising time to evaluate the effects of childhood adversity on brain development and mental health. This project will employ cutting edge computational techniques to identify the relative advantages of two conceptual models of adversity – the cumulative risk model and dimensional model of psychopathology – as they relate to changes in brain structure and mental health throughout adolescence. To achieve these objectives, this project draws from up to six waves of data from a longitudinal sample of 174 adolescent girls (initial ages 10-13, ~18 months between waves). The specific aims are: 1) evaluate the fit of cumulative and dimensional models of adversity with longitudinal trajectories of mental health symptoms; 2) evaluate the fit of cumulative and dimensional models of adversity with structural brain development and determine the viability of brain-as-a-mediator model; and 3) identify the effect of positive life experiences on adversity-brain-health relationships. Completion of these aims will sharpen scientific understanding of these conceptual models and provide targets for translational application. To facilitate a career as a clinical and developmental neuroscientist, this project has five training goals: develop expertise in 1) operationalizing childhood experiences to predict meaningful outcomes; 2) employing longitudinal univariate and multivariate techniques; 3) adolescent structural brain development; 4) science communication; and 5) professional development. This training will occur within the state-of-the-art Center for Translational Neuroscience at the University of Oregon. Dr. Jennifer Pfeifer will be the primary mentor due to her extensive knowledge of adolescent development and neuroimaging. Dr. Philip Fisher, an expert in the effects of early adversity, will provide expertise on the conceptual models of adversity. Dr. Robert Chavez will provide mentorship related to his considerable experience in multivariate modeling. Dr. Kathryn Mills will support training in adolescent brain development and reproducible neuroscience practices as a consultant with considerable expertise in those areas. Dr. Jena Doom, who has expertise in protective mechanisms against childhood stress, will serve as a consultant on the operationalization of benevolent childhood experiences. Given his expertise in longitudinal modeling in developmental neuroimaging, Dr. Kevin King will provide consultation for longitudinal modeling considerations.