Earliest predictors of language outcomes in high-risk infants

在美国，每九个婴儿中就有一个早产。言语、语言和听力障碍 (SLD)是儿童中最常见的神经发育障碍之一，特别是 早产儿幸存者中。约40%的极早产儿（胎龄≤32周） 10%的人患有语言障碍，而10%的人患有永久性听力损失， 影响沟通困难。目前，还无法准确预测第一次 几年的生活，儿童将发展语言障碍，和语言- 语言治疗是对早产儿提供的所有干预措施中最延迟的。这样的 这一进展将有助于在关键窗口期进行早期干预和研究治疗， 最佳神经可塑性我们的中心假设是，言语语言障碍的预测是 可能通过3 m校正年龄（CA）结合结构和 功能性脑连接与磁共振成像，诱发反应的措施， 语音处理，以及新的，敏感的听力措施。本补充的主要目的 目标：1。比较足月和早产儿的语言、非语言和社会交流 幼儿目标2.比较足月和早产儿的听力灵敏度（cABR和DPOAE） 以及足月和早产幼儿的行为测听。比较rsfEEG和MMR 本研究将招募健康的足月儿， 在3个月时进行全面的听力和神经生理学测量， 在2年CA时进行评估，以与匹配的早产儿进行比较。

One in every nine babies in the US is born preterm. Speech, language and hearing disorders (SLD) are among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children, especially among very preterm survivors. About 40% of very preterm infants (≤32 weeks gestational age) develop speech-language disorders while 10% have permanent hearing loss, increasing the impact on communication difficulties. Currently, it is not possible to accurately predict in the first several years of life which children will develop speech-language disorders, and speech- language therapy is the most delayed of any intervention provided to preterm infants. Such an advance would facilitate early intervention and research therapies during critical windows of optimal neuroplasticity. Our central hypothesis is that prediction of speech-language disorders is possible by 3 m corrected age (CA) with combined innovative measures of structural and functional brain connectivity with magnetic resonance imaging, evoked response measures of speech processing, and novel, sensitized hearing measures. Primary aims of this supplement are: Aim 1. Compare verbal, nonverbal, and social communication in full-term and preterm toddlers. Aim 2. Compare hearing sensitivity (cABR and DPOAE) in full-term and preterm infants, and behavioral audiometry in full-term and preterm toddlers. Compare rsfEEG and MMR in full-term and preterm infants.This study will enroll healthy, fullterm children to collect comprehensive hearing and neurophysiologic measures at 3 months, and language and hearing assessment at 2 years CA for comparison to matched preterm children.