SIBLINGS AND PREVENTING POOR ADOLESCENT OUTCOMES

拟议调查的总体目标是扩大我们的研究范围。 强制性家庭过程对兄弟姐妹负相互作用的作用 (1)在家庭背景下；(2)在调整预测方面 青春期和成年初期的困难。主要有三个方面 要实现的目标：第一，测试和完善一个 理论驱动的高危儿童模型，其中年幼的兄弟姐妹 已经经历过问题的兄弟姐妹 假设调整的风险要大得多 发展同样糟糕的调整结果；第二，发展 连接Patterson和他的同事的联合模型(Patterson， 1982,1986；Patterson&Band，1986,1989；Patterson，Bank&StoolMiller， 1990年)不熟练的育儿方式与兄弟姐妹消极的变数 预测不良调整结果的相互作用变量；以及 第三，使用基于观察的微社会对预测有效性进行测试 变量来预测以后的调整结果和在 各种背景，包括父子关系和兄弟姐妹关系 家庭背景下的关系，兄弟姐妹之间的互动 自然游乐场和解决问题的实验室观察，以及 兄弟姐妹--实验室问题解决任务中的兄弟姐妹互动。这个 微社会变量，对目标儿童的负面干扰(NIC)，以及 对目标儿童强迫行为的负面强化(NRC)是 基于Herrnstein(1961；1970)匹配定律的微观社会变量。 拟议的研究是纵向俄勒冈州青年研究的延伸 (Oys)给206名男孩的大约300名男性和女性兄弟姐妹 目标在浮标上。第一波和第三波中的家庭观察 Oys包括这些兄弟姐妹，来自父母的数据已经 也是定期收集的。此外，拟议的项目 将从学校和法院收集档案信息，目前 和来自兄弟姐妹及其父母的回顾数据，通过 90个OY的访谈、问卷调查和兄弟姐妹互动任务 男孩弟弟迪亚斯。 分析包括多指标兄弟放大器模型的测试 使用结构方程建模技术，其中假设 这种消极的兄弟姐妹相互作用将解释独特的差异，在 除此之外，还有四个不熟练的育儿实践解释了这一点 适应领域、反社会和内化行为，学校 困难，以及同龄人的拒绝。潜在增长模型(LGM) 将用于测试长辈兄弟姐妹调整的效果 关于弟弟妹妹后来调整的轨迹。最后， 将使用多元回归技术来检验这一假设 特定的微社会(NIC和NRC)将显著预测(1)比率 家庭中强迫行为的可能性，(2)攻击行为的可能性 在操场上，以及(3)当前兄弟姐妹在 实验室风险。

The overall aim of the proposed investigation is to extend our studies of coercive family processes to the role of negative sibling interactions (1) within the family context and (2) in the prediction of adjustment difficulties in adolescence and early adulthood. There are three major goals to be achieved: first, the testing and refinement of a theoretically driven model of children at risk in which younger siblings of sisters and brothers who have already experienced problems in adjustment are hypothesized to be at significantly greater risk to develop similarly poor adjustment outcomes; second, the development of a conjoint model which links Patterson and his colleagues (Patterson, 1982, 1986;Patterson & Band, 1986, 1989; Patterson, Bank & Stoolmiller, 1990) unskilled parenting practices variables with sibling negative interaction variables in the prediction of poor adjustment outcomes; and third, tests of predictive validity using observation-based microsocial variables to predict both later adjustment outcomes and behaviors in a variety of contexts including parent-child and sibling-sibling relationships in the family context, sibling-peer interaction in naturalistic playground and problem-solving laboratory observation, and sibling-sibling interaction in a laboratory problem-solving task. The microsocial variables, negative intrusions to the target child (NIC), and negative reinforcement of the target child's coercive behavior (NRC) are microsocial variables based on Herrnstein's (1961;1970) matching law. The proposed study is an extension of the longitudinal Oregon Youth Study (OYS) to approximately 300 male and female siblings of the 206 boys targeted in the OYS. Home observations in the first and third waves of the OYS included these siblings, and data from the parents have been collected on a regular basis as well. In addition, the proposed project would gather archival information from schools and courts, and current and retrospective data from the siblings and their parents through interviews, questionnaires, and a sibling interaction task for 90 OYS boy-younger sibling dyas. Analysis include tests of a multiple indicator Sibling Amplifier model using structural equation modeling techniques in which it is hypothesized that Negative Sibling Interaction will account for unique variance, in addition to that explained by Unskilled Parenting Practices, in four adjustment areas, Antisocial and Internalizing Behaviors, School Difficulties, and Rejection by Peers. Latent growth modeling (LGM) will be used to test the effects of an older siblings' adjustment trajectories on the later adjustment of younger siblings. Finally, multiple regression techniques will be used to test the hypothesis specific microsocial (NIC and NRC) will significantly predict (1) rates of coercive behavior in families, (2) the likelihood of aggressive acts in the playground, and (3) current sibling interaction patterns in the lab risk.