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Temperament, Distraction, and Early Vocabulary

气质、分心和早期词汇

基本信息

批准号：
6596826
负责人：
WALLACE E DIXON
金额：
$ 14.6万
依托单位：
EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-07-01 至 2006-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Previous correlational research has shown that the size of children's receptive and productive vocabularies correlates significantly with specific dimensions of their temperament. Infants and toddlers who are short-attending, socially unapproachable, negative in mood, and relatively distressed in response to novelty tend to demonstrate vocabulary delay. However, it is inappropriate to argue for a temperament-to-vocabulary causal direction of influence based on correlational data alone. In the proposed study, potential impacts of children's temperament during on-line vocabulary acquisition are examined under more tightly controlled environmental conditions. In a vocabulary acquisition task, children will be asked to fast-map novel words to novel objects under four environmental conditions. Each of the four conditions is designed to reflect different kinds of environmental stimulation that might normally be observed during bouts of word-learning. In a baseline condition, children's performance will be assessed when extraneous environmental stimulation is held to a minimum. Performance in this condition will be compared to performance under three distraction conditions: 1) in the presence of a large number of distracter stimulus items; 2) in the presence of a sudden-onset, moving, noise-making mechanical toy; and 3) in the presence of the sudden emergence of a strange adult who either 1) addresses the child by name and starts reading the Spanish version of a popular children's book, or 2) sits next to the child while looking and smiling at the child while providing no verbal stimulation. If children's temperament interacts with the environment to influence their ability to acquire words, then word-learning performance in a fast-mapping procedure should vary as a function of the interaction of temperamental profile and the types of competing information in the immediate environment. Results should provide evidence of underlying mechanisms linking dimensions of temperament to language delay.

描述（由申请人提供）：先前的相关研究表明，儿童的接受和生产词汇量的大小与其气质的特定维度显着相关。缺乏关注、难以与人交往、情绪消极、对新鲜事物反应相对痛苦的婴幼儿往往表现出词汇延迟。然而，仅仅基于相关数据来论证气质对词汇的因果影响方向是不恰当的。本研究在严格控制的环境条件下考察了儿童在线词汇习得过程中气质的潜在影响。在词汇习得任务中，儿童将被要求在四种环境条件下将新单词快速映射到新物体。这四种情况中的每一种都是为了反映在单词学习过程中可能观察到的不同类型的环境刺激。在基线条件下，当外界环境刺激保持在最低限度时，将评估儿童的表现。在这种情况下的表现将与三种分心条件下的表现进行比较：1)存在大量分心刺激项目；（二）有突然发作的、移动的、发出噪音的机械玩具的；3)突然出现一个陌生的成年人，要么1)叫出孩子的名字，开始读一本西班牙语版的流行儿童读物，要么2)坐在孩子旁边，看着孩子，微笑着，但不提供任何语言刺激。如果儿童的气质与环境相互作用影响其词汇习得能力，那么快速映射过程中的词汇学习表现应作为气质特征与直接环境中竞争信息类型相互作用的函数而变化。结果应该为气质维度与语言延迟之间的潜在机制提供证据。