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Temperament, Distraction, and Early Vocabulary

气质、分心和早期词汇

基本信息

批准号：
6596826
负责人：
WALLACE E DIXON
金额：
$ 14.6万
依托单位：
EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-07-01 至 2006-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Previous correlational research has shown that the size of children's receptive and productive vocabularies correlates significantly with specific dimensions of their temperament. Infants and toddlers who are short-attending, socially unapproachable, negative in mood, and relatively distressed in response to novelty tend to demonstrate vocabulary delay. However, it is inappropriate to argue for a temperament-to-vocabulary causal direction of influence based on correlational data alone. In the proposed study, potential impacts of children's temperament during on-line vocabulary acquisition are examined under more tightly controlled environmental conditions. In a vocabulary acquisition task, children will be asked to fast-map novel words to novel objects under four environmental conditions. Each of the four conditions is designed to reflect different kinds of environmental stimulation that might normally be observed during bouts of word-learning. In a baseline condition, children's performance will be assessed when extraneous environmental stimulation is held to a minimum. Performance in this condition will be compared to performance under three distraction conditions: 1) in the presence of a large number of distracter stimulus items; 2) in the presence of a sudden-onset, moving, noise-making mechanical toy; and 3) in the presence of the sudden emergence of a strange adult who either 1) addresses the child by name and starts reading the Spanish version of a popular children's book, or 2) sits next to the child while looking and smiling at the child while providing no verbal stimulation. If children's temperament interacts with the environment to influence their ability to acquire words, then word-learning performance in a fast-mapping procedure should vary as a function of the interaction of temperamental profile and the types of competing information in the immediate environment. Results should provide evidence of underlying mechanisms linking dimensions of temperament to language delay.

描述（由申请人提供）：以前的相关性研究表明，儿童的接受性和生产性词汇量的大小与他们的气质的特定维度显着相关。注意力不集中、社交上不易接近、情绪消极、对新奇事物反应相对痛苦的婴幼儿往往表现出词汇延迟。然而，仅仅根据相关数据来论证气质对词汇的因果影响方向是不合适的。在拟议的研究中，在更严格的控制环境条件下，在线词汇习得过程中的儿童的气质的潜在影响进行了检查。在词汇习得任务中，孩子们将被要求在四种环境条件下快速将新单词映射到新物体。这四个条件中的每一个都是为了反映在单词学习过程中通常可以观察到的不同类型的环境刺激。在基线条件下，当外部环境刺激保持在最低限度时，将评估儿童的表现。在此条件下的表现将与三种分心条件下的表现进行比较：1）存在大量分心刺激项; 2）存在突然发作、移动、发出噪音的机械玩具;和3）在突然出现的一个陌生成年人面前，他要么1）称呼孩子的名字，并开始阅读一本流行儿童读物的西班牙语版本，或者2）坐在孩子旁边，看着孩子微笑，而不提供言语刺激。如果儿童的气质与环境相互作用来影响他们获取单词的能力，那么快速映射过程中的单词学习表现应该随着气质特征和直接环境中竞争信息类型的相互作用而变化。结果应提供证据的潜在机制连接维度的气质语言延迟。