Egocentric reference frames in memory

记忆中以自我为中心的参考系

• 批准号: 6754703
• 负责人: David Waller
• 金额: $ 7万
• 依托单位: MIAMI UNIVERSITY OXFORD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-01 至 2006-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6754703
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; ego /superego /id; form /pattern perception; head movements; human subject; learning; memory; proprioception /kinesthesia; retina; self concept; space perception; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Perceiving and mentally representing the locations of objects and places in one's immediate environment is a fundamental prerequisite to most of human behavior. Because locations can be specified only in and through a reference system, the scientific investigation of the reference systems used in perception and memory has become an extremely important area of contemporary research in spatial cognition. In the last decade, several lines of research have converged to suggest the importance of egocentric reference systems (i.e., those that code locations relative to the observer, such that places are linked to the organization of the body). Egocentric reference systems are particularly influential when people remember the locations of different objects in their immediate environment. Given the importance of egocentric reference systems in memories of object layouts, it is surprising that existing research has done little to understand more precisely the nature of this coding system. In particular, it is unknown which among three possible bases for an egocentric reference system (retina-based, head-based, and body-based) dominates spatial coding in memory. This research will examine this issue more closely, determining both the dominant bases for egocentric coding and the degree to which the influences of various egocentric reference systems are altered by the nature of the learning and testing environments. Completion of the project will lead to a clearer understanding of how humans encode spatial information in memory. This basic research will have immediate implications for computational models of spatial cognition as well as offering insight into the degree to which populations that do not have access to the sensory bases for certain reference systems (such as the blind and paraplegic) may productively use other systems in order to remember spatial information. Findings may also lead to ways of improving spatial abilities in the general population.

描述（由申请人提供）：感知并在心理上表征周围环境中物体和地点的位置是大多数人类行为的基本先决条件。由于位置只能在参考系统中并通过参考系统来指定，因此对感知和记忆中使用的参考系统的科学研究已成为当代空间认知研究的一个极其重要的领域。在过去的十年中，几项研究集中表明了以自我为中心的参考系统的重要性（即那些编码相对于观察者的位置的系统，以便将位置与身体的组织联系起来）。当人们记住周围环境中不同物体的位置时，以自我为中心的参考系统尤其有影响力。 考虑到以自我为中心的参考系统在对象布局记忆中的重要性，令人惊讶的是，现有的研究几乎没有采取任何行动来更准确地理解这种编码系统的本质。特别是，尚不清楚自我中心参考系统的三种可能基础（基于视网膜、基于头部和基于身体）中的哪一个主导记忆中的空间编码。这项研究将更仔细地研究这个问题，确定以自我为中心的编码的主导基础，以及各种以自我为中心的参考系统的影响因学习和测试环境的性质而改变的程度。该项目的完成将使人们更清楚地了解人类如何在记忆中编码空间信息。这项基础研究将对空间认知的计算模型产生直接影响，并深入了解无法获得某些参考系统的感觉基础的人群（例如盲人和截瘫者）可以在多大程度上有效地使用其他系统来记住空间信息。研究结果还可能带来提高普通人群空间能力的方法。