Regulation of mitochondrial morphology and functional versatility

线粒体形态和功能多样性的调节

• 批准号: 10715704
• 负责人: HALIL AYDIN
• 金额: $ 37.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2028-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10715704
• 关键词: Apoptosis; Architecture; Biochemical Reaction; Bioenergetics; Cardiolipins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell division; Cell physiology; Cells; Characteristics; Communication; Complex; Crista ampullaris; Development; Disease; Eukaryotic Cell; Guanosine Triphosphate Phosphohydrolases; Human; Impairment; Knowledge; Link; Lipids; Maintenance; Malignant Neoplasms; Membrane; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial DNA; Mitochondrial Proteins; Molecular; Molecular Abnormality; Morphogenesis; Morphology; Muscle; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; OPA1 gene; Obesity; Organelles; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Pathology; Physiological Processes; Play; Probability; Process; Protein Dynamics; Proteins; Regulation; Reticulum; Role; Shapes; Site; Spatial Distribution; Structure; age related; catalyst; environmental change; human disease; migration; mitochondrial dysfunction; novel therapeutic intervention; respiratory; success

PROJECT SUMMARY Eukaryotic cells sequester critical biochemical reactions into discrete membranous compartments, whereby membrane dynamics driven by protein catalysts facilitate differentiation, communication, and spatial organization of intracellular compartments. Within a cell, mitochondria are mainly organized into highly interconnected networks, whose diverse functions are dependent on their complex structure and organization. In humans, OPA1 and MICOS are essential biomolecular machines that control not only the morphology of the mitochondrial reticulum, but also the efficiency of many key mitochondrial processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism, apoptosis, and mtDNA maintenance. The GTPase OPA1 is crucial for mitochondrial IM fusion and regulating cristae dynamics, whereas the multi-component MICOS complex plays a dual role by shaping IM cristae junctions and forming contact sites with the outer membrane. Characterizing how mitochondrial dynamics are realized and regulated will be essential to deciphering the link between mitochondrial morphology and function. Moreover, molecular abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics result in aberrant mitochondrial structure, impaired bioenergetics, severely reduced respiratory capacity, mtDNA instability, increased sensitivity to apoptosis, and development of a wide variety of disease conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, diverse cancers, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that alter mitochondrial morphology and function remain incompletely understood. Here, using a combination of cellular and structural analyses, we aim to develop a molecular understanding of mitochondrial dynamics that govern key physiological processes in cells. We propose to determine the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial morphogenesis by exploring the assembly mechanism of OPA1 and its interactions with the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin (Aim 1). We further propose to characterize the molecular details of multi-component MICOS complex and protein dynamics that facilitate cristae formation and maintain the characteristic architecture of mitochondria (Aim 2). Structural and functional studies of mitochondrial protein machines will provide a platform to identify the basis of pathologies linked to human disease and age-related illness. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics will increase the probability of success in developing new therapeutic interventions.

项目摘要 真核细胞将关键的生化反应隔离到离散的膜室中， 由蛋白质催化剂驱动的膜动力学促进了分化、通信和空间组织 的细胞内区室。在细胞内，线粒体主要组织成高度互连的 网络的各种功能取决于其复杂的结构和组织。在人类中，OPA1 和MICOS是重要的生物分子机器，不仅控制线粒体的形态， 网，而且许多关键的线粒体过程的效率，包括氧化磷酸化， 代谢、细胞凋亡和mtDNA维持。GTIPOPA1对线粒体IM融合至关重要， 调节嵴动力学，而多组分MICOS复合体通过塑造IM起双重作用 嵴连接并与外膜形成接触部位。描述线粒体动力学如何 将是至关重要的破译线粒体形态学之间的联系， 功能此外，线粒体动力学中的分子异常导致异常的线粒体结构， 生物能量受损，呼吸能力严重降低，线粒体DNA不稳定，对 细胞凋亡和多种疾病状况的发展，包括神经退行性疾病， 各种癌症、肥胖症和心血管疾病。然而，改变线粒体的分子机制 形态和功能仍然不完全清楚。在这里，使用细胞和结构的组合 分析，我们的目标是发展线粒体动力学的分子理解，控制关键的生理 细胞中的过程。我们建议确定线粒体形态发生的分子机制， 探讨OPA 1的组装机制及其与线粒体脂质心磷脂（Aim 1）的相互作用。 我们进一步提出表征多组分MICOS复合物和蛋白质的分子细节 促进嵴形成和维持线粒体特征结构的动力学（目的2）。 线粒体蛋白机器的结构和功能研究将提供一个平台，以确定的基础， 与人类疾病和年龄相关疾病有关的病理学。了解精确的分子机制 线粒体动力学的研究将增加成功开发新的治疗干预措施的可能性。