Medicine and Medical Science in the Age of Bioethics

描述（由申请人提供）： 四十年前，生物伦理学这个职业还不存在。如今，生物伦理学已成为生命科学领域的一部分：伦理委员会现在在美国医院是强制性的；所有涉及人类或动物的联邦政府资助的研究都必须由为保护研究对象而成立的委员会进行审查；大量研讨会为那些需要或希望提供伦理建议的人提供生物伦理学培训；生物伦理学课程现已成为大学、学院和医学院课程的常规部分。鉴于生物伦理学对医学实践和医学研究的重要性日益增加，医疗服务的提供者和使用者必须清楚地了解这一新职业如何影响治疗的艺术和科学。 《Medicine's Monitor》结合了社会历史和社会学分析的方法，首次对生命伦理学的组织和实质进行了系统的研究。该项目的目的是探索生物伦理学与医学和医学科学工作之间的相互影响。这将通过以下方式完成： 重新审视生物伦理学的历史，特别关注诞生和培育生物伦理学的社会（即社会和文化）和专业（即医学和医学科学）背景；描述过去和正在进行的关于如何最好地组织生物伦理学作为一个职业和机构内部的斗争；仔细研究生物伦理学的影响：a）对卫生专业人员的教育，b）在诊所，c）在医学研究，以及d）在制药和医疗器械行业；并考虑该领域的未来，包括医学中生物伦理存在的替代愿景。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Four decades ago the profession of bioethics did not exist. Today, bioethics is a part of the landscape of the life sciences: ethics committees are now mandatory in American hospitals; all federally funded research that involves human beings or animals must be reviewed by a board constituted to protect the subjects of research; a plethora of seminars offer training in bioethics for those who need, or wish, to offer ethical advice; bioethics courses are now a regular part of the curriculum at universities, colleges and medical schools. Given the growing importance of bioethics for the practice of medicine and medical research, it is imperative that those who provide, and those who use, medical services have a clear picture of how this new profession is influencing the art and science of healing. Combining the methods of social history and sociological analysis, Medicine's Monitor provides the first systematic study of the organization and substance of bioethics. The aim of this project is to explore the reciprocal influence between bioethics and the work of medicine and medical science. This will be done by: revisiting the history of bioethics, paying particular attention to the societal (i.e., social and cultural) and professional (i.e., medicine and medical science) contexts that gave birth to, and nurtured, bioethics; describing past and ongoing struggles on how to best organize bioethics both as a profession and within institutions; closely examining the influence of bioethics: a) on the education of health professionals, b) in the clinic, c) in medical research, and d) in the pharmaceutical and medical device industries; and considering the future of the field, including alternative visions of the bioethical presence in medicine.