Neural control of speech generation in human motor cortex

项目摘要/摘要 鲁宾博士是在马萨诸塞州总医院工作的神经增强症专家和计算神经学家 他的目标是成为一名独立的内科研究员，在小说开发方面拥有专业知识 神经技术，以改善患有致残神经系统疾病症状的患者的生活 受伤。他的职业发展计划利用世界级培训环境的资源，并为 联合神经解码、系统和电路神经科学以及神经工程方面的专家，提出一种 以尖端方法研究语音生成的神经基础，使下一代 用于通信的高性能皮质内脑机接口(IBCI)。 在利·霍奇伯格博士和西德尼·卡什博士的指导下，在科学顾问的指导下， 埃默里·布朗、杰米·亨德森和克里斯蒂娜·西蒙尼安，鲁宾博士建议(1)确定 运动皮质中特定于产生单个口语单词的神经编码，(2)表征 语义语境和非语义语境对意向言语神经表征的影响 将联想皮层中的语言神经表征转化为神经模式的操作 运动皮质中协调语音产生的活动。这些目标中的每一个都需要发展 以及新型计算工具的应用，汇集了单单元和单单元领域的最新进展 电路级神经生理学、系统和计算神经科学、机器学习和自然语言 正在处理。这个项目的总体目标是阐明语音的神经生理学基础的关键特征。 通过实现生产使开发近乎流畅的恢复通信 指能够实时解码用户的预期或尝试语音的IBCI。通过这样做，这项工作将准备好 改变数十万因神经损伤而导致沟通障碍的人的生活 或疾病。 通过利用由BrainGate开发的最先进的人类颅内记录方法 研究联盟，以及他的导师和顾问团队，拥有各种相关专业知识，这 该项目还将对人类独特行为的神经生理学基础产生新的见解， 代表着一项潜在的重大神经科学进步。从长远来看，鲁宾博士的职业目标是 开发新的神经技术，旨在缓解神经症状并促进其康复 疾病。拟议的以患者为导向的研究项目，与世界级的指导和深思熟虑的 结构化的教学课程，将为鲁宾博士提供必要的技能，以发展 从事翻译神经技术研究的独立职业。

Project Summary/Abstract Dr. Rubin is a neurointensivist and computational neuroscientist working at Massachusetts General Hospital whose goal is to become an independent physician investigator with expertise in the development of novel neurotechnologies to improve the lives of people living with the symptoms of disabling neurologic disease and injury. His career development plan leverages the resources of a world-class training environment and brings together experts in neural decoding, systems and circuit neuroscience, and neural engineering in proposing a cutting-edge approach to the study of the neural basis of speech generation to enable the next generation of high-performance intracortical brain computer interfaces (iBCI) for communication. Under the mentorship of Drs. Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash and with the guidance of scientific advisors Drs. Emery Brown, Jaimie Henderson, and Kristina Simonyan, Dr. Rubin proposes to (1) determine the features of the neural code in motor cortex specific to the production of individual spoken words, (2) characterize the influence of semantic and non-semantic context on the neural representation of intended speech, and (3) identify the operations translating neural representations of language in association cortex into the patterns of neural activity in motor cortex that coordinate the production of speech. Each of these aims will require the development and application of novel computational tools, bringing together recent advancements in fields of single unit and circuit-level neurophysiology, systems and computational neuroscience, machine learning, and natural language processing. The overall goal of this project is to elucidate key features of the neurophysiologic basis of speech production to enable the development of near-fluent restoration of communication through the implementation of an iBCI able to decode in real time a user’s intended or attempted speech. In doing so, this work is poised to transform the lives of hundreds of thousands of people living deficits in communication due to neurologic injury or disease. By harnessing the state-of-the-art approaches in human intracranial recording developed by the BrainGate research consortium, and with his team of mentors and advisors with a diverse array of relevant expertise, this project will also generate new insights into the neurophysiologic basis of a uniquely human behavior, representing a potentially major neuroscientific advancement. In the long term, Dr. Rubin’s career goal is to develop novel neurotechnology aimed alleviating the symptoms of and augmenting recovery from neurologic disease. The proposed patient-oriented research project, in concert with world-class mentorship and a thoughtful structured didactic curriculum, will provide Dr. Rubin with the skills that are essential for him to develop an independent career in translational neurotechnology research.