The overlap of speech production and verbal working memory

摘要 为了能够在日常对话中表达思想，我们的大脑必须抓住语音信息，以便 言语工作记忆(VWM)中的短时间段。这在日常对话中尤其重要 这发生在混乱的环境中：说话的计划迅速改变，大脑必须适应这些 改变。以前的VWM模型认为VWM在解剖和功能上是离散的，只有 与言语产生的间接互动。然而，中风后损伤的证据表明， 广泛的语音产生缺陷，也与VWM的问题有关，反对 言语产生和VWM之间存在很强的分离。相反，我们建议将VWM集成到 语音制作计划系统，共享解剖和功能基础。为了研究这种重叠，我们 建议通过一个人群研究与这种功能重叠相关的神经反应 作为临床护理的一部分，神经外科患者将电极直接植入他们的大脑，给予 我们有一个独特的机会，可以用过去所做的更高的分辨率来研究人类的大脑。我们会 利用此访问来解决以下问题：1)语音生成和VWM在 大脑？2)当计划语音产生时，持有什么样的信息？3)运动特征是什么？ 在语音制作和VWM之间共享？我们将使用一系列任务，这些任务旨在将 VWM对不同言语产生成分的作用及使用DIRECT测量人脑反应 脑记录，包括具有前所未有的空间分辨率的高密度电极(&lt；1 mm，最高可达 1024个电极，采样增加10倍)。理解这一基本的认知过程及其在 日常语言的使用将导致更有针对性的方法来帮助100多万遭受痛苦的美国人 中风引起的失语症。

Abstract To enable the expression of ideas in everyday conversation, our brain must hold on to speech information for short periods of time in verbal working memory (vWM). This is particularly important for everyday conversation that takes place in chaotic environments: Plans for speaking change quickly, and the brain has to adapt to these changes. Previous models of vWM, have suggested that vWM is anatomically and functionally discrete, with only indirect interactions with speech production. Evidence from lesions following strokes however, have shown a wide range of speech production deficits that are also associated with problems with vWM, arguing against a strong dissociation between speech production and vWM. We propose instead that vWM is integrated in the speech production planning system, sharing an anatomical and functional substrate. To study this overlap, we propose to examine neural responses associated with this functional overlap through a population of neurosurgical patients who as part of their clinical care have electrodes implanted directly in their brain, giving us a unique opportunity to study the human brain at a greater resolution that has been done in the past. We will leverage this access to address the following questions: 1) Does speech production and vWM overlap in the brain? 2) What kind of information is held when planning for speech production? 3) What motor features are shared between speech production and vWM? We will use a series of tasks that are designed to separate out the role of vWM for different speech production components and measure human brain responses using direct brain recordings, including high density electrodes that have unprecedented spatial resolution (<1 mm, up to 1024 electrodes for a 10 x increase in sampling). Understanding this basic cognitive process and their role in everyday language use will lead to more targeted approaches to help the over 1 million Americans who suffer from stroke-induced aphasia.