Filtration Media for In-Home PFAS Removal from Drinking Water

项目总结/摘要 标题用于去除饮用水中PFAS的家用过滤介质 SBIR第二阶段申请 P.I.：Steven Dietz，TDA Research，Inc. 全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS），通常也称为全氟化合物，是一个大家族 已经使用了几十年的人造的、全球分布的化学物质。全氟辛酸（PFOA）和 全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是最常见的PFAS，但存在数千种其他衍生物。PFAS具有 广泛应用于消费产品，如不粘炊具（Teflon®）、地毯和地毯处理产品 （Scotchgard®）、食品包装、水性消防泡沫、液压航空燃料和航空航天中， 汽车、建筑和电子行业。PFAS是地下水中新兴的环境污染物， 由于它们的全球分布、持久性、毒性和生物毒性， 积累。在49个州的1400多个地点发现了PFAS污染，EPA估计， 超过1.1亿美国人的饮用水可能已经受到污染。一旦释放到 在环境中，它们不容易被空气、水或阳光分解。因此，人们可以接触到PFAS， 是几十年前制造的PFAS可以在空气和水中长距离传播，使人们暴露于PFAS 制造或从许多英里外的设施排放。人类接触也可能通过接触 含有PFAS的产品。2016年，EPA将终身健康咨询（LHA）水平定为万亿分之70 (ppt)对于饮用水中PFAS的单独或组合浓度，许多州正在建立甚至 更低的水平。流行病学研究表明，人类PFAS的发生与甲状腺疾病有关， 高胆固醇、溃疡性结肠炎、肾癌、睾丸癌和妊娠高血压。电流 能够满足EPA目标的水处理技术不是成本有效的，特别是对于家庭使用， 这就需要技术/先进材料来净化饮用水，这些技术/先进材料是有效的、成本有效的， 可以达到目前环保署70 ppt的目标，新的纽约州10 ppt的下限，以及可能更严格的 将遵循的规定。 TDA Research，Inc（TDA）建议开发一种基于吸附的系统，用于去除饮用水中的PFAS 降至EPA规定的70 ppt（万亿分之一）或更低的限值。这种系统的关键是低成本、高性能， 具有快速动力学的容量吸附剂以去除PFAS。TDA的吸附剂使用中孔碳结构， 与刘易斯碱官能化基团通过物理吸附去除PFAS。中孔提供了非常快的 吸附动力学和功能化吸附位点的可接近性。刘易斯酸碱的强度 可以调节相互作用以使吸附剂即使在发现的多种污染物存在下也是有效的 在饮用水中。吸附剂的快速吸附和高PFAS容量将减小系统尺寸，并使得能够 它们在小型家庭系统中的应用。 14

Project Summary/Abstract Title Filtration Media for In-Home PFAS Removal from Drinking Water SBIR Phase II Application P.I.: Steven Dietz, TDA Research, Inc. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also commonly known as perfluorinated compounds, are a large family of man-made, globally distributed chemicals that have been used for decades. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are the most common PFAS, but thousands of other derivatives exist. PFAS have been widely used in consumer products such as non-stick cookware (Teflon®), carpets and carpet treatment products (Scotchgard®), food packaging, aqueous firefighting foams, hydraulic aviation fuels and in the aerospace, automotive, construction, and electronics industries. PFAS are emerging environmental pollutants in groundwater, and they are attracting significant attention due to their global distribution, persistence, toxicity and tendency to bio- accumulate. PFAS contamination has been found in more than 1400 locations in 49 states and the EPA estimates that the drinking water of more than 110 million Americans may already be contaminated. Once released into the environment, they are not easily broken down by air, water, or sunlight. Thus, people can be exposed to PFAS that were manufactured decades in the past. PFAS can travel long distances in the air and water, exposing people to PFAS manufactured or emitted from facilities many miles away. Human exposure can also occur through contact with products containing PFAS. In 2016, EPA established a lifetime health advisory (LHA) level of 70 parts per trillion (ppt) for individual or combined concentrations of PFAS in drinking water and many states are establishing even lower levels. Epidemiological studies have shown that the occurrence of PFAS in humans is linked to thyroid disease, high cholesterol, ulcerative colitis, kidney cancer, testicular cancer, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Current water treatment technologies that can meet the EPA targets are not cost effective, especially for in-home use, necessitating a need for technology/advanced materials to cleanup drinking water that are efficient, cost effective and can meet the current EPA target of 70 ppt, the new lower New York state limit of 10 ppt and the likely even stricter regulations that will follow. TDA Research, Inc (TDA) proposes to develop an adsorption-based system for removing PFAS from drinking water down to EPA prescribed limits of 70 ppt (parts per trillion) or lower. The key to such a system is a low cost, high capacity adsorbent with fast kinetics to remove PFAS. TDA's sorbent uses a mesoporous carbon structure grafted with Lewis base functionalized groups to remove PFAS via physical adsorption. The mesopores provides very fast adsorption kinetics and accessibility to the functionalized adsorption sites. The strength of the Lewis acid-base interaction can be tuned to allow the sorbent to be effective even in the presence of the multiple contaminants found in drinking water. The fast adsorption and high PFAS capacity of the sorbent will reduce the system size and enable their use in smaller home-based systems. 14