Structural factors Impacting community Violence (STRIVE): The Role of Minimum Wage, COVID-19, and Discrimination

影响社区暴力的结构性因素 (STRIVE)：最低工资、COVID-19 和歧视的作用

• 批准号: 10770065
• 负责人: Shabbar I Ranapurwala
• 金额: $ 39.98万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-30 至 2026-09-29
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10770065
• 关键词: Structural; factors; Impacting; community; Violence

ABSTRACT: Violent deaths are responsible for the most person-years of life lost among people 18 to 50 years old in the United States. Further, violence inflicts a disproportionate burden on racial and ethnic minorities in the US, thereby exacerbating existing health inequities, including those amplified by COVID-19. Although the physical distancing policies put in place to address the COVID-19 pandemic reduced social interactions, violence-related injury and homicides increased in 2020 in the US. Structural and policy interventions that target the social-ecological framework can attain sustainable reductions in multiple forms of violence. Given that poverty is one of the drivers of violence, increasing minimum wage may be a potent policy intervention for violence prevention. However, minimum wage increase laws have not been evaluated as a community violence prevention method. Further, several states increased minimum wage during 2020 and 2021, providing a unique opportunity to examine whether such increases can prevent community violence during the pandemic. Our study will address three important questions: 1) what role do minimum wage increases play in community violence prevention? 2) Does minimum wage increase or lack thereof differentially affect community violence among different demographic groups (race/ethnicity, sex, age, and rurality)? and 3) how has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted community violence and if state minimum wage (SMW) increases and economic impact payments (EIP) played a role in mitigating pandemic effects? To address these research gaps, our team will employ rigorous quasi-experimental designs (synthetic controls and controlled interrupted time series) with quantitative bias analyses, on six national datasets from 2000-2021 to capture community violence victimizations, assault injuries, and homicide deaths in all 50 states. We will then examine the interaction of minimum wage with income inequality measured using living wage. We will estimate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic itself, and the impact of state level increases in minimum wage during the pandemic on community violence outcomes. Through all these analyses we will examine disparities by race, sex, age, and rurality. This study is responsive to the RFA-CE-23-004's funding objective three to evaluate approaches that improve social or structural contributions that contribute to community violence and racial/ethnic inequities. This study will be the first to comprehensively assess the impact of minimum wage increases on violent victimizations, injuries, and homicide deaths and the racial, sex- and age-based, and geographical disparities therein. Further, this study will also be the first to examine how SMW increases and EIPs may have moderated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community violence in the US. We will employ state-of-the-art epidemiologic methods to build a strong evidence base to control and reduce the burden of community violence in the US. Understanding the impact of SMW increases, which greatly affect racialized minorities and women, will also provide guidance to reduce systemic inequities.

摘要：暴力死亡是造成 18 至 50 岁人群寿命损失最多的原因 老在美国。此外，暴力给种族和族裔少数群体造成了不成比例的负担。 美国，从而加剧现有的健康不平等，包括因 COVID-19 而加剧的不平等。虽然 为应对 COVID-19 大流行而采取的保持身体距离的政策减少了社交互动， 2020 年，美国与暴力相关的伤害和凶杀有所增加。结构和政策干预 社会生态框架的目标可以实现可持续减少多种形式的暴力。给定 贫困是暴力的驱动因素之一，提高最低工资可能是一项有效的政策干预措施 暴力预防。然而，最低工资增长法尚未被评估为社区 暴力预防方法。此外，一些州在 2020 年和 2021 年提高了最低工资，规定 这是一个独特的机会来检验这种增加是否可以防止社区暴力 大流行。我们的研究将解决三个重要问题：1）最低工资增长在以下方面发挥什么作用： 预防社区暴力？ 2) 最低工资上涨或不上涨是否会产生不同的影响 不同人口群体（种族/族裔、性别、年龄和农村地区）之间的社区暴力？ 3）如何 COVID-19 大流行是否影响了社区暴力？州最低工资 (SMW) 是否增加以及 经济影响付款（EIP）在减轻流行病影响方面发挥了作用吗？为了解决这些研究 为了弥补差距，我们的团队将采用严格的准实验设计（综合控制和受控中断 时间序列）和定量偏差分析，对 2000 年至 2021 年的六个国家数据集进行捕获社区 所有 50 个州的暴力受害、袭击伤害和他杀死亡。然后我们将检查 最低工资与使用生活工资衡量的收入不平等的相互作用。我们将估计影响 COVID-19 大流行本身的影响，以及州一级提高最低工资的影响 大流行对社区暴力结果的影响。通过所有这些分析，我们将检查种族差异， 性别、年龄和乡村。本研究响应 RFA-CE-23-004 的资助目标三进行评估 改善助长社区暴力的社会或结构贡献的方法， 种族/民族不平等。这项研究将是第一个全面评估最低工资影响的研究 暴力受害、伤害和凶杀死亡以及基于种族、性别和年龄的暴力受害者、伤害和凶杀死亡人数的增加 其中的地理差异。此外，这项研究还将首次探讨 SMW 如何增加和 EIP 可能减轻了 COVID-19 大流行对美国社区暴力的影响。我们将 采用最先进的流行病学方法建立强有力的证据基础来控制和减少 美国社区暴力的负担。了解 SMW 增加的影响，这极大地影响 种族少数群体和妇女也将为减少系统性不平等提供指导。