Structural factors Impacting community Violence (STRIVE): The Role of Minimum Wage, COVID-19, and Discrimination

影响社区暴力的结构性因素 (STRIVE)：最低工资、COVID-19 和歧视的作用

• 批准号: 10770065
• 负责人: Shabbar I Ranapurwala
• 金额: $ 39.98万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-30 至 2026-09-29
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10770065
• 关键词: Structural; factors; Impacting; community; Violence

ABSTRACT: Violent deaths are responsible for the most person-years of life lost among people 18 to 50 years old in the United States. Further, violence inflicts a disproportionate burden on racial and ethnic minorities in the US, thereby exacerbating existing health inequities, including those amplified by COVID-19. Although the physical distancing policies put in place to address the COVID-19 pandemic reduced social interactions, violence-related injury and homicides increased in 2020 in the US. Structural and policy interventions that target the social-ecological framework can attain sustainable reductions in multiple forms of violence. Given that poverty is one of the drivers of violence, increasing minimum wage may be a potent policy intervention for violence prevention. However, minimum wage increase laws have not been evaluated as a community violence prevention method. Further, several states increased minimum wage during 2020 and 2021, providing a unique opportunity to examine whether such increases can prevent community violence during the pandemic. Our study will address three important questions: 1) what role do minimum wage increases play in community violence prevention? 2) Does minimum wage increase or lack thereof differentially affect community violence among different demographic groups (race/ethnicity, sex, age, and rurality)? and 3) how has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted community violence and if state minimum wage (SMW) increases and economic impact payments (EIP) played a role in mitigating pandemic effects? To address these research gaps, our team will employ rigorous quasi-experimental designs (synthetic controls and controlled interrupted time series) with quantitative bias analyses, on six national datasets from 2000-2021 to capture community violence victimizations, assault injuries, and homicide deaths in all 50 states. We will then examine the interaction of minimum wage with income inequality measured using living wage. We will estimate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic itself, and the impact of state level increases in minimum wage during the pandemic on community violence outcomes. Through all these analyses we will examine disparities by race, sex, age, and rurality. This study is responsive to the RFA-CE-23-004's funding objective three to evaluate approaches that improve social or structural contributions that contribute to community violence and racial/ethnic inequities. This study will be the first to comprehensively assess the impact of minimum wage increases on violent victimizations, injuries, and homicide deaths and the racial, sex- and age-based, and geographical disparities therein. Further, this study will also be the first to examine how SMW increases and EIPs may have moderated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community violence in the US. We will employ state-of-the-art epidemiologic methods to build a strong evidence base to control and reduce the burden of community violence in the US. Understanding the impact of SMW increases, which greatly affect racialized minorities and women, will also provide guidance to reduce systemic inequities.

摘要：暴力死亡是导致18至50年人群中丧生的大多数人的生命 在美国老。此外，暴力对种族和少数民族造成了不成比例的负担 美国，加剧了现有的健康不平等，包括由Covid-19的扩增。虽然 制定的物理距离政策适当解决COVID-19的大流行减少社会互动， 2020年，与暴力有关的伤害和凶杀案增加。结构和政策干预措施 目标社会生态框架可以实现多种形式的暴力降低。给出 这种贫困是暴力的驱动因素之一，提高最低工资可能是有效的政策干预措施 预防暴力。但是，最低工资增加法律尚未作为社区评估 暴力预防方法。此外，几个州在2020年和2021年期间提高了最低工资 一个独特的机会来检查这种增加是否可以防止社区暴力 大流行。我们的研究将解决三个重要问题：1）最低工资提高的角色在 预防社区暴力？ 2）最小工资增加或缺乏差异影响 不同人口群体（种族/种族，性别，年龄和农村）之间的社区暴力？ 3）如何 COVID-19是否会影响社区暴力，以及州最低工资（SMW）增加，并且 经济影响支付（EIP）在减轻大流行作用中发挥了作用吗？解决这些研究 空白，我们的团队将采用严格的准实验设计（合成控制和受控的中断 时间序列）通过定量偏见分析，在2000 - 2021年的六个国家数据集上捕获社区 所有50个州的暴力受害，攻击伤害和凶杀案死亡。然后，我们将检查 最低工资与使用生活工资衡量的收入不平等的相互作用。我们将估计影响 在COVID-19的大流行本身，国家一级的影响在最低工资中增加 关于社区暴力结果的大流行。通过所有这些分析，我们将通过种族检查差异， 性别，年龄和乡村。这项研究对RFA-CE-23-004的资金目标有反应，以评估 改善社会或结构性贡献的方法，有助于社区暴力和 种族/种族不平等。这项研究将是第一个全面评估最低工资影响的研究 暴力受害，伤害和凶杀死亡以及种族，基于年龄和年龄以及 其中的地理差异。此外，这项研究还将是第一个研究SMW如何增加和 EIPS可能已经调节了Covid-19-19的大流行对美国社区暴力行为的影响。我们将 采用最先进的流行病学方法来建立有力的证据基础，以控制和减少 美国社区暴力的负担。了解SMW的影响增加，这极大地影响 种族化的少数民族和妇女也将为减少系统性不平等的指导提供指导。