Sidewalk Asylums: A History of Homelessness and Mental Illness in New York and LA

人行道庇护所：纽约和洛杉矶无家可归和精神疾病的历史

• 批准号: 7347993
• 负责人: DAVID ROSNER
• 金额: $ 8.05万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-15 至 2010-05-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7347993
• 关键词: Address; Advocacy; Advocate; African American; Alcohol abuse; American; Americas; Archives; Area; Attitude; Books; California; Camping; Caring; Case Study; Cities; City Government; Collection; Communities; Complex; Condition; Consult; Data; Decision Making; Deinstitutionalization; Depth; Dimensions; Disabled Persons; Economic Factors; Economics; Ensure; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Evolution; Exercise; Exhibits; Failure; Family member; Funding; Future; Gap Junctions; Geography; Government; Government Officials; Head; Health Professional; Health system; Hearing; Heating; History of Medicine; Home environment; Homelessness; Housing; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Interviewer; Investigation; Journals; Latino; Lead; Legal; Life Experience; Literature; Locales; Los Angeles; Manuscripts; Maps; Medical; Medicine; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Mental disorders; Mentally Ill Persons; Methodology; Methods; Michigan; Myopia; Names; Neighborhoods; New York; New York City; Nexus (resin cement); Numbers; Oral; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Pilot Projects; Plant Roots; Play; Policies; Policy Developments; Population; Prevention; Principal Investigator; Psychiatric Hospitals; Psychiatrist; Public Health; Publications; Publishing; Purpose; Railroads; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Religion and Spirituality; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sampling; Series; Shapes; Shelter facility; Side; Social Environment; Social Welfare; Societies; Solutions; Source; Staging; Subway; System; Techniques; Training; United States; United States National Library of Medicine; Universities; Urban Renewal; Woman; Work; Writing; court; day; development policy; falls; family structure; follow-up; improved; interest; lens; men; mental health welfare; migration; news; prevent; programs; response; safety net; severe mental illness; social; supported housing; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The successful prevention of homelessness demands an understanding of the broad context within which homelessness and interventions to combat it occur. The purpose of this study is to further our understanding of this context, and specifically to elucidate how homelessness in United States cities emerged among severely mentally ill (SMI) populations. The study will use historical methods to describe and compare the evolution of mental health and housing policies in New York and Los Angeles, and in the context of national policy development. We will consult primary written and oral sources to document the policies that have influenced urban homelessness in different locales, especially with regard to people with SMI, as well as the issues and decisions involved in local policy responses. A central concern will be the relative prominence of housing versus mental health services in local policy responses to homelessness among people with SMI. By illuminating the context within which key policy and program planning decisions are made, findings from this study have the potential to improve the likelihood that relevant, effective interventions will actually reach those in need. The study builds upon a pilot study conducted in 2006 under the auspices of the NIH-funded Columbia Center for Homelessness Prevention Studies. In this study the researchers used snowball sampling techniques to conduct unstructured interviews with policymakers, mental health professionals, and community leaders, in New York and other cities, who shaped responses to homelessness and mental illness between the 1960s and 1990s. Several preliminary findings have emerged from these interviews: a) that homelessness among the mentally ill was not perceived to result directly from deinstitutionalization; b) that homelessness was not named and recognized by policymakers until the late 1970s; and c) that diversity in policy toward SMI homeless populations in different cities resulted from the diverse legal, political, and geographical environments in which the policies were formed. The study will examine these initial findings in greater depth and will further trace how specific conditions and mental illness treatment approaches interacted with politico-social environments to produce the current landscape of homelessness, mental illness policy, and housing interventions.

描述(由申请人提供)： 要成功预防无家可归现象，就需要了解无家可归现象发生的广泛背景以及消除无家可归现象的干预措施。这项研究的目的是加深我们对这一背景的理解，特别是阐明美国城市中的无家可归者是如何在严重精神病患者(SMI)人群中出现的。这项研究将使用历史方法来描述和比较纽约和洛杉矶的精神健康和住房政策的演变，以及在国家政策发展的背景下。我们将参考主要的书面和口头来源，以记录影响不同地区城市无家可归者的政策，特别是关于SMI患者的政策，以及当地政策回应中涉及的问题和决定。一个核心问题将是住房与精神卫生服务在地方政策回应中的相对重要性，以应对SMI患者的无家可归问题。通过阐明做出关键政策和计划规划决策的背景，这项研究的结果有可能提高相关、有效的干预措施真正到达有需要的人的可能性。 这项研究建立在2006年由国立卫生研究院资助的哥伦比亚无家可归预防研究中心赞助下进行的一项试点研究的基础上。在这项研究中，研究人员使用滚雪球抽样技术对纽约和其他城市的政策制定者、心理健康专业人员和社区领导人进行了非结构化采访，这些人在20世纪60年代至90年代期间制定了对无家可归和精神疾病的反应。从这些访谈中得出了几个初步结论：a)精神疾病患者的无家可归并不被认为是非制度化的直接结果；b)无家可归的人直到20世纪70年代末才被政策制定者点名和承认；以及c)不同城市针对SMI无家可归者的政策的多样性是形成这些政策的不同法律、政治和地理环境的结果。这项研究将更深入地研究这些初步发现，并将进一步追踪具体情况和精神疾病治疗方法如何与政治社会环境相互作用，以产生当前无家可归、精神疾病政策和住房干预的图景。