Role of Early B Cell Factor-1 (EBF-1) in Adipocyte Biology

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的广泛目标是通过创造性发现和创新实验方法，为我们的脂肪细胞分化工作原理的知识基础做出贡献。为此，将检查脂质代谢酶硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶-1（SCD-1）在脂肪细胞分化中的可能调节作用。尽管SCD-1在脂肪细胞代谢中的被动功能已被认识多年，但新的证据正在积累，这种酶有助于控制脂肪细胞的发育。具体来说，来自SCD-1靶向缺失的小鼠的脂肪细胞较小，并且具有增加的转录因子PPAR-gamma水平，PPAR-gamma是脂肪生成的主要调节因子。此外，在3 T3-L1脂肪细胞中用shRNA技术消耗SCD-1既增强脂肪形成又上调PPAR-gamma表达/活性。然而，这些的机制仍然未知。本研究的主要目的是：1）证实SCD-1缺失促进了SCD-1 -/-小鼠成纤维细胞的脂肪生成; 2）检测SCD-1缺失引起的脂肪细胞基因和代谢的变化;和3）确定所观察到的SCD-1缺失对脂肪形成的影响的分子机制，要么通过识别SCD-1的新型蛋白质相互作用伴侣，要么通过该酶产生（或去除）的活性代谢产物。该研究分为两部分，观察组和机制组。在观察组中，将分别使用微阵列和脂质组学分析来深入了解SCD-1缺陷引起的转录和代谢物变化。在机制方面，将采用“死亡”突变蛋白的互补研究来确定SCD-1的酶活性是否是该基因对脂肪形成的影响所必需的。然后，串联亲和纯化或高压液相色谱和质谱法将用于分别鉴定SCD-1的蛋白质伴侣或脂质代谢产物，其负责脂肪细胞中观察到的现象。公共卫生相关性：肥胖及其医疗后果是我们国家目前最大的健康问题之一，传统观点认为，防止新脂肪细胞（脂肪细胞）的生长将是对抗肥胖的有效方法。然而，有证据表明，一个人不能产生新的脂肪细胞可能是通常由超重引起的疾病的主要原因。了解控制脂肪细胞发育的机制，包括脂质代谢基因（如硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶）的作用，是实现我们减轻与肥胖相关的负面健康影响的目标的重要一步。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad goal of the proposed research is to contribute to our knowledge base of how adipocyte differentiation works through both creative discovery and innovative experimental approaches. To do this, a possible regulatory role for the lipid metabolic enzyme Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD-1) in the differentiation of adipocytes will be examined. Although a passive function for SCD-1 in adipocyte metabolism has been recognized for years, new evidence is accumulating that this enzyme helps to control fat cell development. Specifically, adipocytes from mice with a targeted deletion of SCD-1 are smaller and have increased levels of the transcription factor PPAR-gamma, the master regulator of adipogenesis. In addition, depletion of SCD-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with shRNA technology both enhances adipogenesis and up-regulates PPAR-gamma expression/activity. However, the mechanism(s) for these remains unknown. The major aims of this research are 1) to confirm that lack of SCD-1 enhances adipogenesis in fibroblasts derived from SCD-1 -/- mice; 2) to examine the putative gene and metabolic changes brought about by SCD-1 deficiency in adipocytes; and 3) to determine the molecular mechanism for the observed effect of loss of SCD-1 on adipogenesis, either by identifying a novel protein interaction partner for SCD-1 or an active metabolite produced (or removed) by this enzyme. The proposed research is divided into two parts, an observational arm and a mechanistic arm. In the observational arm, microarray and lipidomics analyses will be used to gain insight into the transcriptional and metabolite changes incurred by SCD-1 deficiency, respectively. In the mechanistic arm, complementation studies using "dead" mutant proteins will be employed to determine whether the enzymatic activity of SCD-1 is required for the effect of this gene on adipogenesis. Then, tandem affinity purification or high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry will be used to either identify a protein partner for SCD-1 or a lipid metabolic product, respectively, that is responsible for the observed phenomenon in adipocytes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Obesity and its medical consequences is one of the biggest health issues in our nation right now, and conventional wisdom dictates that preventing the growth of new adipocytes (fat cells) would be an effective way to combat this. However, evidence suggests that the failure of a person to generate new adipocytes may be a primary cause of the morbidities that often result from excess weight. Understanding the mechanisms that govern adipocyte development, including the roles of lipid metabolism genes such as Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase, is an important step towards reaching our goal of alleviating the negative health effects linked with obesity.