The Effect of State Child Labor Laws on Adolescent Work Intensity and Alcohol Use

州童工法对青少年工作强度和饮酒的影响

• 批准号: 7613503
• 负责人: GEETHA M WAEHRER
• 金额: $ 7.81万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-15 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7613503
• 关键词: 14 year old; 15 year old; 16 year old; 17 year old; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; American; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Belief; Businesses; Characteristics; Child; Child Labor; Data; Data Set; Dimensions; Empirical Research; Employment; Ethnic Origin; Gender; Hour; Law Enforcement; Laws; Lead; Life; Lifting; Longitudinal Surveys; Marketing; Mentors; Modeling; Monitor; National Research Council; Natural experiment; Occupations; Outcome; Performance; Policies; Policy Maker; Problem behavior; Race; Regulation; Research; Risk Behaviors; Sales; Schedule; Schools; Services; Students; Study models; Supervision; Surveys; Time; Variant; Work; Workplace; Youth; adolescent alcohol; aged; drinking; drinking behavior; high school; improved; longitudinal design; parental monitoring; peer; public health relevance; shift work; time use; tool; underage drinking; underage drinking reduction; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will examine the relationship between underage drinking, adolescent work, and state child labor laws that restrict the hours and types of adolescent employment, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 (NLSY97). The NLSY97 is an ongoing survey of youth who were aged 12-16 years in 1997. The survey has collected extensive information about youth labor market and substance use behavior over time and other topics including parental monitoring, and peer affiliations that may affect both work effort and drinking. This study will use data from the 1997-2003 rounds on youth from the age of 14 years when state child labor laws regarding formal work go into effect, until age18 when all work hours restrictions are lifted. We will exploit the "natural experiment" provided by state-age variations in child labor laws and, using fixed effects and multilevel random effects models, study whether restrictions on hours and types of work impact adolescent drinking behaviors, controlling for underage drinking laws and the level of labor law enforcement across states. Fixed-effects instrumental variables models will use child labor restrictions to statistically identify work effects on youth drinking. The models will show how job characteristics like job type, supervisor's age, establishment size, and work shift modify the work-drinking relationship for youth. Models will be stratified by race/ethnicity in order to improve our understanding of prior findings that the relationship between adolescent employment and alcohol use differs by race. Our findings will indicate whether restrictions on adolescent work reduce underage drinking. Beyond restrictions on hours worked, our models will also examine whether other underage drinking rules about permitted types of school-year work (e.g. as on- or off-premises sellers/servers of alcohol) moderate the effects of work intensity on drinking. Our findings will indicate whether laws restricting hours of work are more or less effective than laws restricting adolescent employment in alcohol sales or service, providing policy-makers with valuable information on the most appropriate regulatory targets. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The belief that higher work hours lead to negative youth behavior has led to National Research Council and congressional proposals to extend federal restrictions on school-year work to cover 16- and 17-year olds similarly to 14- and 15-year-olds. Yet, very little work has examined the effect of existing labor laws on youth behavior. Our study will show whether restrictions on the hours and types of youth employment can reduce underage drinking.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究将使用1997年全国青年纵向调查（NLSY 97）的数据，研究未成年人饮酒、青少年工作和限制青少年就业时间和类型的州童工法之间的关系。NLSY 97是1997年对12-16岁青年进行的一项持续调查。这项调查收集了大量关于青少年劳动力市场和药物使用行为的信息，以及其他主题，包括父母的监督，以及可能影响工作努力和饮酒的同伴关系。这项研究将使用1997年至2003年的数据，从14岁的青年，当国家童工法对正式工作生效，直到18岁时，所有的工作时间限制被取消。我们将利用“自然实验”提供的州年龄的童工法的变化，并使用固定效应和多层次随机效应模型，研究是否限制工作时间和类型的影响青少年饮酒行为，控制未成年人饮酒的法律和劳动执法水平跨越国家。固定效应工具变量模型将使用童工限制来统计确定工作对青少年饮酒的影响。这些模型将显示工作特征，如工作类型，主管的年龄，建立规模和工作班次如何修改青年的工作饮酒关系。模型将按种族/民族分层，以提高我们对先前发现的理解，即青少年就业和饮酒之间的关系因种族而异。我们的研究结果将表明，对青少年工作的限制是否会减少未成年人饮酒。除了对工作时间的限制，我们的模型还将研究有关允许的学年工作类型的其他未成年饮酒规则（例如，作为现场或场外酒精销售商/服务员）是否会减轻工作强度对饮酒的影响。我们的研究结果将表明，限制工作时间的法律是否比限制青少年从事酒类销售或服务的法律更有效，为政策制定者提供有关最适当监管目标的宝贵信息。公共卫生关系：认为工作时间长会导致青少年的消极行为，这导致国家研究理事会和国会提议将联邦对学年工作的限制扩大到16岁和17岁的青少年，类似于14岁和15岁的青少年。然而，很少有工作研究现有劳动法对青年行为的影响。我们的研究将表明，对青年就业时间和类型的限制是否可以减少未成年人饮酒。