The Effect of State Child Labor Laws on Adolescent Work Intensity and Alcohol Use

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究将使用1997年全国青年纵向调查（NLSY97）的数据，研究未成年人饮酒、青少年工作和限制青少年就业时间和类型的州童工法之间的关系。NLSY97是一项正在进行的调查，对象是1997年12-16岁的青少年。这项调查收集了大量关于青年劳动力市场和长期药物使用行为的信息，以及其他主题，包括父母监督，以及可能影响工作努力和饮酒的同伴关系。这项研究将使用1997-2003年关于青少年的数据，从14岁开始，国家童工法开始生效，直到18岁，所有的工作时间限制都被取消。我们将利用各州童工法律年龄差异提供的“自然实验”，并使用固定效应和多层随机效应模型，研究工作时间和工作类型的限制是否会影响青少年饮酒行为，控制未成年人饮酒法律和各州劳动法执法水平。固定效应工具变量模型将使用童工限制来统计识别工作对青少年饮酒的影响。模型将显示工作类型、主管年龄、机构规模和工作班次等工作特征对青年工作饮酒关系的影响。模型将按种族/民族分层，以提高我们对先前发现的青少年就业与酒精使用之间的关系因种族而异的理解。我们的研究结果将表明，对青少年工作的限制是否会减少未成年人饮酒。除了对工作时间的限制外，我们的模型还将检查其他关于允许的学年工作类型（例如，店内或非店内销售/服务酒精）的未成年人饮酒规定是否会缓和工作强度对饮酒的影响。我们的研究结果将表明，限制工作时间的法律是否比限制青少年从事酒类销售或服务的法律更有效，为政策制定者提供最合适的监管目标的有价值的信息。公共健康相关性：由于认为长时间的工作会导致青少年的消极行为，国家研究委员会和国会建议将联邦对学年工作的限制扩大到16岁和17岁的学生，就像14岁和15岁的学生一样。然而，很少有研究考察现行劳动法对青少年行为的影响。我们的研究将表明，限制青少年就业的时间和类型是否能减少未成年人饮酒。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will examine the relationship between underage drinking, adolescent work, and state child labor laws that restrict the hours and types of adolescent employment, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 (NLSY97). The NLSY97 is an ongoing survey of youth who were aged 12-16 years in 1997. The survey has collected extensive information about youth labor market and substance use behavior over time and other topics including parental monitoring, and peer affiliations that may affect both work effort and drinking. This study will use data from the 1997-2003 rounds on youth from the age of 14 years when state child labor laws regarding formal work go into effect, until age18 when all work hours restrictions are lifted. We will exploit the "natural experiment" provided by state-age variations in child labor laws and, using fixed effects and multilevel random effects models, study whether restrictions on hours and types of work impact adolescent drinking behaviors, controlling for underage drinking laws and the level of labor law enforcement across states. Fixed-effects instrumental variables models will use child labor restrictions to statistically identify work effects on youth drinking. The models will show how job characteristics like job type, supervisor's age, establishment size, and work shift modify the work-drinking relationship for youth. Models will be stratified by race/ethnicity in order to improve our understanding of prior findings that the relationship between adolescent employment and alcohol use differs by race. Our findings will indicate whether restrictions on adolescent work reduce underage drinking. Beyond restrictions on hours worked, our models will also examine whether other underage drinking rules about permitted types of school-year work (e.g. as on- or off-premises sellers/servers of alcohol) moderate the effects of work intensity on drinking. Our findings will indicate whether laws restricting hours of work are more or less effective than laws restricting adolescent employment in alcohol sales or service, providing policy-makers with valuable information on the most appropriate regulatory targets. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The belief that higher work hours lead to negative youth behavior has led to National Research Council and congressional proposals to extend federal restrictions on school-year work to cover 16- and 17-year olds similarly to 14- and 15-year-olds. Yet, very little work has examined the effect of existing labor laws on youth behavior. Our study will show whether restrictions on the hours and types of youth employment can reduce underage drinking.