The Role of Toxoplasma Rhoptries in Host Cell Infection

弓形虫是尖端复合体中的一种专性细胞内寄生虫，可引起严重的中枢 免疫受损(艾滋病/移植/淋巴瘤)个体的神经系统疾病和出生缺陷 世界各地先天感染的新生儿。这种寄生虫也可以作为研究人类免疫缺陷病毒的模式系统。 引起一系列全球医学和兽医疾病的胞内Apicomplexan寄生虫 其重要性包括疟疾的病原体--恶性疟原虫。这些寄生虫积极地入侵 进入并驻留在寄主细胞质中唯一的寄生性液泡(PV)内。入侵和 PV的建立在一定程度上是由独有的杆状体分泌细胞器的作用所介导的。 Apicomplexans。棒状病毒在这一过程中的确切作用尚不清楚，主要是因为只有少数 到目前为止，已经鉴定出杆状病毒蛋白。为了解决棒状病毒的功能，我们提纯了 用蛋白质组学和单抗方法分析了它们的含量。我们有 鉴定了棒状杆菌的主要蛋白质组分，其中一种是类蛋白磷酸酶2C (TgPP2L)蛋白，在感染过程中靶向宿主细胞的核，表明了TgPP2L在 寄主-寄生虫相互作用中的棒状病毒。^^SJI！I！Q^O^GS^^M^3^FFI^^Siffili^J IdBWfie^iilioulplfe^ .-‘r WMIOU*YTO&*~：=S^A$？IMA&~吉姆^^I，-^M^MK&>；^&*b^，.Mm^i^L。%？--.m^&？S*？w&tg^#S^？k&km^&gt；~*&？^J ‘~ ^。 ^？“。^&lt；wt‘^*’ist^TV^！^！^TjTT^V^Xit^WTM&*i‘！^’Eii1HSMf^‘”^i^ST-or“[%]”éa“*g|-’^.-”3$PV*Q^-n*“*j”-： T^BgiBR^te-dii-iBriSBii--aanHJMifrfe。：sl.gBjC*5-tsw^kw^I.rf*sa？-~i？om^.*^。^A&lt；^U~-&gt；~^MW j^aiaiss^‘’fsdm&ff“！&lt；&ffiiiltmffi&”w&lt；？iKM8ifm&gt；t rM6at...mgi.iii-...i.，&lt；a！FSS^t^，i：.ft.Hn.Ti...，-n....._ni......：n-.iapi*&gt；in it.n.n.n，_j

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellularparasite in the phylumApicomplexa that causes severe central nervous system disorders of immunocompromised (AIDS/transplant/lymphoma)individualsand birth defects to congenitallyinfected neonates worldwide. This parasite also serves as a model system for the study of intracellular Apicomplexan parasites that cause a varitey of diseases of global medical andveterinary importance including Plasmodiumfalciparum, the causative agent of malaria. These parasites actively invade into and reside within a uniqueparasitophorous vacuole (PV) in the cytoplasm of the host. Invasionand establishment of the PV are mediated in part by the action of the rhoptries, secretory organelles uniqueto Apicomplexans. The precise role of the rhoptries in this process in not known, largely because only a few rhoptry proteins have been identified to date. To address the function of the rhoptries, we have purified rhoptries and analyzed their contents using proteomic and monoclonal antibody approaches. We have identified the major proteins constituents of the rhoptries, one of which is a protein phosphatase 2C-like (TgPP2L) protein that is targeted to the nucleus of the host cell during infection, indicatinga novel role for the rhoptries in host-parasite interaction. ^^SJi!i!Q^^^O^¿gS^¿^M^^3^ffi^^^Siffili^J idBWfie^iilioulplfe^^ .-' r WMIOU* yto&*~: =s¿ifcu ^A. $?ima&~ jim^^i,-^M^mK >^&*b^, . MM ^i^l.%¿--.m^&&¿¿ ¿s*¿w &tg^#s^¿m&K&KM^>~ ***&¿*¿. ^J ' ~ ^ . ¿?". ^<WT'^***'¿^iST^TV^^^!^TjTT^V^XiT^^ ^¿Wtm&*i'!^'Eii1HSMf^'¿"^^ I ^ST-OR" ¿*¿%¿' ¿"¿¿a"*g|- '^.-"3$pv *q^- n*"*j"-: v^¿*wi¿¿ .T^BgiBr^te-dii-iBriSBii ¿- -aanHJMifrfe. :sl.gBjC*5- Tsw^kw^i. rf*sa¿*- ~i¿OM^.*^. ¿A<^U~->.>~^^MW j^aiaiss^' 'fsdm&ff"! <&ffiiiltmffi&¿w<?iKM8ifm¿>t rM6at..mgi.iii-...i. ,<a!fss^t^,i:.ft.Hn.Ti ¿¿ ¿ ...,- ¿ n........._ni......:n-.iiapi* >..in it.n .n.n ,_ J