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Analysis of human cortical networks during sustained visuospatial attention

持续视觉空间注意力期间的人类皮质网络分析

基本信息

批准号：
7666066
负责人：
MICHAEL A SILVER
金额：
$ 23.03万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-08-01 至 2010-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7666066
关键词：
Acetylcholine Alzheimer&apos s Disease Anatomy Animals Area Aricept Attention Attention Deficit Disorder Behavior Behavioral Brain Brain Diseases Brain region Cholinesterase Inhibitors Cognitive Communication Coupling Data Exhibits Expectancy Failure Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Human Human body Impairment Individual Investigation Location Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maps Measures Mediating Methods Microelectrodes Multivariate Analysis Names Neural Pathways Neurotransmitters Parietal Parietal Lobe Pathway interactions Perception Performance Pharmaceutical Preparations Photic Stimulation Physiological Physiology Play Psyche structure Reaction Time Role Sensory Series Signal Transduction Stimulus Symptoms Synapses System Task Performances Testing Time Visual Visual Cortex Visual Fields Visual Perception Visual attention Visuospatial area V1 attentional modulation basal forebrain base cholinergic clinically relevant donepezil human subject improved intraparietal sulcus nervous system disorder neuroimaging novel public health relevance relating to nervous system research study response transmission process visual stimulus

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objectives of this project are 1) to identify functional networks of cortical areas in the human brain that subserve visual spatial attention, and 2) to determine the effects of manipulation of synaptic levels of acetylcholine on the physiology of these functional networks. Humans employ spatial attention to select portions of the visual field that are most relevant for their current behavioral goals. If a visual stimulus appears in an attended location, observers perceive the stimulus more accurately than if the same stimulus is presented to an unattended location. This improvement in perception is thought to be due to attention signals that are transmitted by parietal cortex to early visual cortical areas. However, the neural pathways that carry these attention signals to visual cortex are largely unknown. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in attention networks in the brain. Drugs that prolong the synaptic actions of endogenous acetylcholine (cholinesterase inhibitors) improve performance on attention tasks in human subjects. However, very little is known regarding the physiological effects of acetylcholine on attention signals. The fundamental importance of attention for behavior is demonstrated by the many brain disorders characterized by compromised attention networks. Attention abnormalities are the central symptom in Attention Deficit Disorder. Additionally, many of the mental impairments that have been associated with Alzheimer's disease can be traced to a failure of attention. We will use neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI) to measure the activity in defined brain areas while subjects are performing attention-demanding tasks. Changes in activity in these areas during task performance will be compared across the identified brain areas, using coherency and partial coherency methods recently developed by our group, to characterize attention pathways and flow of attention signals to visual cortex. In addition, subjects will be administered donepezil (trade name: Aricept), a cholinesterase inhibitor and Alzheimer's medication that enhances attention. The effects of this drug on the functional networks underlying attention will be measured. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE We will use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure brain activity in healthy human subjects while they are maintaining attention at a defined visual location. The activity in many brain areas will be compared to identify the network of brain regions that is responsible for visual attention. In addition, the subjects will be administered donepezil, an Alzheimer's medication known to improve attention, and we will measure the effects of this drug on brain activity and the communication between brain areas during sustained attention.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是1）识别人类大脑中有助于视觉空间注意的皮层区域的功能网络，以及2）确定操纵乙酰胆碱突触水平对这些功能网络的生理学的影响。人类利用空间注意力来选择与其当前行为目标最相关的视野部分。如果一个视觉刺激出现在有人看管的地方，观察者会比在无人看管的地方更准确地感知到刺激。这种感知的改善被认为是由于注意力信号由顶叶皮层传递到早期的视觉皮层区域。然而，将这些注意力信号传递到视觉皮层的神经通路在很大程度上是未知的。乙酰胆碱是一种神经递质，在大脑的注意力网络中起着重要作用。延长内源性乙酰胆碱（胆碱酯酶抑制剂）的突触作用的药物可以改善人类受试者在注意力任务中的表现。然而，关于乙酰胆碱对注意信号的生理作用知之甚少。注意力对行为的根本重要性由许多以注意力网络受损为特征的大脑疾病所证明。注意力异常是注意力缺陷障碍的中心症状。此外，许多与阿尔茨海默病有关的精神障碍可以追溯到注意力的失败。我们将使用神经成像（功能性磁共振成像，或fMRI）来测量受试者在执行需要注意力的任务时大脑特定区域的活动。在任务执行过程中，这些区域的活动变化将在确定的大脑区域之间进行比较，使用我们小组最近开发的相干性和部分相干性方法，以表征注意力通路和注意力信号流向视觉皮层。此外，受试者将接受多奈哌齐（商品名：安理申），一种胆碱酯酶抑制剂和阿尔茨海默病药物，可增强注意力。将测量这种药物对关注的功能网络的影响。公共卫生相关性我们将使用磁共振成像（MRI）来测量健康人类受试者的大脑活动，同时他们将注意力保持在一个定义的视觉位置。许多大脑区域的活动将被比较，以确定负责视觉注意力的大脑区域网络。此外，受试者将被给予多奈哌齐，这是一种已知的改善注意力的阿尔茨海默病药物，我们将测量这种药物对大脑活动的影响以及持续注意力期间大脑区域之间的通信。