Exploring Micro-level Sources of Environmental Inequality

探索环境不平等的微观根源

• 批准号: 7666887
• 负责人: Liam Downey
• 金额: $ 18.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7666887
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Behavior; Censuses; Characteristics; Cities; Consensus; Data; Data Sources; Destinations; Dimensions; Disease; Education; Environmental Hazards; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Exposure to; Family; Future; Geographic Information Systems; Household; Housing; Income; Individual; Inequality; Information Systems; Left; Light; Literature; Measures; Mental Health; Minority; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Occupations; Outcome; Pattern; Perceptual Disorders; Play; Pollution; Population; Process; Public Health; Race; Reaction; Recovery; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Design; Residential Mobility; Resources; Respondent; Risk; Role; Shapes; Site; Social Perception; Source; System; Techniques; Time; Toxics Release Inventory; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Variant; Weight; base; contextual factors; ethnic difference; experience; hazard; health disparity; innovation; insight; metropolitan; prevent; programs; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; racial difference; racial/ethnic difference; research study; socioeconomics; success

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although a burgeoning body of literature has revealed substantial racial and ethnic differences in exposure to environmental hazards, we have very little information about the micro-level processes that shape and reinforce this environmental inequality. Certainly, there is evidence of racial biases in the process through which industrial facilities are sited. However, in the context of high residential mobility, the persistent concentration of minorities in hazardous neighborhoods necessarily reflects racially differentiated patterns of mobility between neighborhoods with varying levels of pollution. Indeed, the most common theoretical explanations for environmental inequality implicate household-level residential mobility patterns as the key mechanism through which environmental inequality is maintained. To date, however, data limitations have prevented the appropriate examination of household-level mobility patterns between neighborhoods with varying hazard levels, much less possible racial and ethnic differences therein. This dearth of information on household-level mobility processes not only leaves untested key theoretical arguments about the causes of environmental racial inequality, it also leaves open a number of questions related to the source of substantial variation in the magnitude of this inequality. This proposed study seeks to address these significant gaps in the literature by merging individual-level residential mobility data from the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) with neighborhood-level demographic data from the U.S. Census and environmental hazard data derived from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), Biennial Reporting System (BRS); Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Information System (RCRIS); and Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) project. The study will utilize a new and innovative Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique that weights the potential impact of each hazard inversely according to geographic distance, allowing us to measure hazard proximity more precisely than has been possible in prior research, and the hazard data provide information on multiple types of environmental hazards, allowing us to compare the relative impact of different environmental hazards on residential mobility. In addition, the study will draw on the theoretical insights of neighborhood attainment research to provide a more nuanced theoretical understanding of the role residential mobility plays in the creation of environmental racial inequality. Combining these theoretical insights with more appropriate multi-level data makes it possible to address, for the first time, a number of research question that are crucial for understanding the processes that affect environmental inequality. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Recent research has found that residential proximity and exposure to environmental hazards can have a deleterious effect on physical and psychological health and perceptions of social disorder, and that perceptions of social disorder can negatively affect psychological health. Thus, in examining whether there are racial and ethnic differences in household-level mobility patterns between neighborhoods with varying levels of environmental hazard, this study will shed light on the public health implications of racially stratified mobility processes. It will also inform research on racial and ethnic health disparities in the United States.

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然一个蓬勃发展的文学机构已经揭示了大量的种族和民族差异暴露于环境危害，我们有很少的信息微观层面的过程，形状和加强这种环境的不平等。当然，有证据表明，在工业设施选址过程中存在种族偏见。然而，在高居住流动性的背景下，少数民族持续集中在危险的社区，必然反映了不同污染程度的社区之间的种族差异的流动模式。事实上，对环境不平等的最常见的理论解释是，家庭一级的居住流动模式是维持环境不平等的关键机制。然而，到目前为止，数据的局限性，阻止了适当的检查与不同的危险程度，更不可能的种族和民族差异的社区之间的家庭水平的流动模式。这种缺乏信息的家庭层面的流动过程不仅留下未经检验的关键理论论点的原因，环境种族不平等，它也留下了开放的一些问题的来源，这种不平等的程度的重大变化。这项拟议的研究旨在解决这些文献中的重大差距，将来自全国代表性的收入动态小组研究（PSID）的个人住宅流动性数据与来自美国人口普查的社区级人口数据和来自环境保护局（EPA）有毒物质释放清单（TRI），两年期报告系统（BRS）的环境危害数据合并;资源保护和恢复法信息系统;和风险甄别环境指标项目。该研究将利用一种新的和创新的地理信息系统（GIS）技术，根据地理距离对每种危险的潜在影响进行反向加权，使我们能够比以前的研究更精确地测量危险的接近程度，危险数据提供了多种类型的环境危险的信息，使我们能够比较不同环境危险对居民流动性的相对影响。此外，本研究将借鉴邻里成就研究的理论见解，对居住流动性在创造环境种族不平等中所起的作用提供更细致入微的理论理解。将这些理论见解与更适当的多层次数据相结合，首次解决了一些对于理解影响环境不平等的过程至关重要的研究问题。公共卫生相关性：最近的研究发现，居住地接近和暴露于环境危害可能对身心健康和对社会混乱的看法产生有害影响，而对社会混乱的看法可能对心理健康产生负面影响。因此，在研究是否有种族和民族的差异，在不同程度的环境危害的社区之间的家庭层面的流动模式，本研究将揭示种族分层流动过程的公共卫生影响。它还将为美国种族和民族健康差异的研究提供信息。